Theme: Influence washback on teaching Teacher: Khaydarova Kamola Student: Tursinpulotov Orifjon

Theme: Influence washback on teaching

Teacher: Khaydarova Kamola Student: Tursinpulotov Orifjon

CONTENTS

• What is Washback?
• Characteristics of Washback
• Positive and Negative Washback
• Participants in Washback
• Effects of Washback

Definition of Washback

“Washback” (alternatively “backwash”) is a term used in education to describe the influence, whether beneficial or damaging, of an assessment on the teaching and learning that precedes and prepares for that assessment.

Characteristics of Washback

“Testing procedures can have both negative and positive effects on program and curriculum design and implementation…”

Positive Washback

“Test tasks should require the same authentic, interactive language use promoted in the classroom so that there is a match between what is tested…”

Positive Washback

If a test has positive washback, “there is no difference between teaching the curriculum and teaching to the test.”

• (Weigle and Jensen, 1997, p. 205).

Negative Washback

“Nagative washback occurs when there is a mismatch between the stated goals of instruction and the focus of assessment…”

Negative Washback

“… which leads to the abandonment of instructional goals in favor of test preparation (i.e.,teaching to the test)…”

Participants in Washback

• Students
• Teachers
• Adminstrators
• Parents
• Publishers
• Materials developers
• (from Hughes, 1993, and Bailey, 1996)

Effects of Washback

Washback concerns the impact of tests and assessments on materials, teachers, and learners. Thirty years of research has shown that testing and assessment have influenced language teaching significantly. 

Effects of Washback

Teaching English as an international language (TEIL) is a quickly developing and practical new reality that is beginning to influence language assessment and to challenge the use of L1 speaker norms for English language proficiency tests such as IELTS and TOEFL. While the recent, cumulative knowledge of EIL is making those norms increasingly irrelevant, they still have significant impact on World English (WE) users.

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