Their accounting

3. The order of setting the limit of cash balance and the rate of use of cash from receipts.

According to the "Rules for cash transactions by legal entities", organizations can have cash in their cash registers within the limits set for cash balances and use the proceeds annually in accordance with the standards set by banks with the participation of the heads of these organizations. Institutions are required to transfer the excess cash balance to banks for deposit in excess of the limit in the manner and terms agreed with the banks until the principal is withdrawn.

In the first quarter of the year, banks receive duplicate order invoices from trade organizations and other organizations in the forms specified in the instructions to determine the limits of cash balances at the cash desk, the rules of spending the proceeds, the procedure and deadlines for submission of proceeds to the bank. For each organization with a permanent cash flow, whether or not it has an independent balance sheet, the cash limit remaining at the cash register is set annually and can be revised throughout the year if necessary. For commercial organizations with small cash flows, the cash limit at the cash desk can be approved by the bank for 2 years with the consent of the heads of the organization. The limits of the cash balance for trade organizations located in other districts, as well as the norms of spending the proceeds are set by the bank in which the deposit account is located until the basic requirement of the trade organization. These limits and standards are communicated to the bank branches where the trade organizations are located.
Bank branches shall notify each enterprise, organization and institution in writing of the established limits of cash balances, norms of spending of receipts and deadlines for submission of receipts. The cash balance limit is set for all legal entities that have a cash register and perform cash settlements.
The following cash balance criteria are set:
For an organization that has a steady cash flow and is required to submit it to the bank at the end of each business day, in the amount necessary to ensure normal operations the next business day;
in the amount not exceeding the average daily cash income for enterprises and organizations to be submitted on the next business day,
to enterprises and organizations that have the right not to submit receipts on a daily basis in the amount related to the total revenue and the deadline for its submission.
For organizations that do not have a regular cash flow, the average daily cash outflow (excluding payroll, temporary disability benefits, bonuses, and stipends).
For a period not exceeding 3 working days, organizations receive cash in their cash desks in excess of the established limits only for the payment of wages, pensions, benefits and stipends on social insurance, including the date of receipt from the bank ( organizations located far from banks have the right to keep up to 5 working days). At the end of this period, the money not used for the intended purpose is returned to the bank and then given to organizations for use for that purpose at their first request. The cash limit of procurement organizations does not include cash received from the bank for settlements with suppliers of agricultural products. It also takes into account that organizations are not allowed to spend more than the set limit for the expected expenses from their cash registers.
The following criteria for spending money on revenue are established;
Regardless of the form of ownership, all public catering establishments will be limited to the use of cash receipts for the purchase of agricultural products from the population, depending on the need, as a percentage of monthly turnover, but not more than 20 percent. It is stipulated that all commission trade organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, transfer the full amount of sales revenue in excess of the established cash limit to the bank's cashier, and settle accounts with creditors at the expense of revenue. cash is withdrawn from the bank's cash desk.
The norms of spending money on the purchase of agricultural products from the population to public catering enterprises are set, the maximum rate of spending part of the income is set by banking institutions as a percentage of monthly turnover as follows: from the centralized fund for meat-receiving enterprises - depending on the needs, but not more than 7%, for other catering enterprises - in the amount of 10%; commission for the sale of goods to all trade organizations, regardless of the form of ownership, in the amount minus the sales surcharge on the value of the goods; Regional trade and production joint-stock companies, the Department of Trade, Services and Consumer Goods Production under the Tashkent city administration and the regional joint-stock companies of «Matbuot savdo» did not exceed 5% of the monthly sales turnover amount.
Commercial organizations and all enterprises with a steady income do not have the norms to spend money on other needs.
The rate of cash disbursements to organizations is set within the real needs, but not more than the limits set in the account order.
Organizations transfer cash receipts to:
- Day and evening cash desks of the Bank;
- Collectors for further transfer to the bank;
- To the consolidated cash desks under the organizations for further transfer to bank cash desks.
Bank branches keep accounts of enterprises and organizations with a steady income in a special ledger. It lists merchants and other businesses that have a steady cash flow, including those that do not have an independent balance sheet. Vendors are part of the trade enterprises, which have tents, kiosks, pavilions, cafeterias, etc., which are financially responsible to them and hand over the proceeds to their cashiers. not recorded.
Economists of the banking departments control the timely submission of income by enterprises and organizations. In order to carry out this control, economists on the issue of money on the basis of a notebook compile lists of control accounts for enterprises and organizations that deliver the proceeds to the bank's day and evening cash desks by mail and submit them to bank accountants and cashiers of evening cash desks. . These accountants and supervisors mark the receipt of income from these control accounts for enterprises and organizations.
In recent years, the timely and complete transfer of cash receipts by enterprises, organizations and institutions is carried out by the tax authorities.
On a daily basis, the head of the collection department (group) of enterprises and organizations that hand over the proceeds through bank collectors shall provide the economist with a statement of reasons for the enterprises and organizations that did not hand over the previous day's receipts. In a centralized collection environment, this information is provided by the collection departments to the economists of the relevant departments of the bank.
Economists of the bank's branches should review the control records and information compiled by the collection department on a daily basis, and take measures to ensure that all receipts that were not delivered the day before are returned to the cashier, and that no further failures occur. The bank's economists record the measures taken in these accounts and data.
Banking institutions inform the authorities to hold their managers accountable for delays or non-submission of revenues by enterprises and organizations.
Economists of the banking department of enterprises and organizations that transfer cash receipts through the combined cash registers periodically check the timely submission of receipts to the consolidated cash register on the basis of the cashier's note in the control account.
Banking departments analyze the state of collection of proceeds from sales on a monthly and quarterly basis for some commercial organizations that have their own accounts, regardless of the form of ownership.
In order to analyze the situation with the collection of proceeds from the sale of some trade organizations, an calculation was made, in which the actual volume of retail trade turnover of the organization was the money received on the account of this organization (through the cash desks of these banks, including the fall of book checks and the amount of money transferred from the accounts of depositors for goods, to the cash desks of other bank branches, money transferred by mail). First of all, the amount of actual income is adjusted by the amount of sales revenue according to the bank's reporting data. This is done by subtracting the amount from the previous quarter (month) and adding the revenue from the next quarter (month). To analyze the collection of sales during the quarter, the data of the report on the turnover of the cashier of trade organizations and the sale of goods on credit to the population are used.
As a result of this calculation, the non-collectible part of the turnover is deducted, and the extent to which it is justified, in particular, how properly trade enterprises use the right to spend the proceeds, the reasons and legitimacy of changes in retail sales and sales of goods on credit will be released; measures will be taken to stop unjustified alternative money circulation, to comply with the rules of spending money at the cash desk, the rules of retail wholesale of goods and the procedure for selling goods on credit.
To analyze the state of collection of sales revenue for the whole district, the bank's branches compare the actual data on trade turnover and sales revenue from all sources, the percentage of revenue collection with the collected data.
Based on the results of the analysis, the bank's departments make demands to the management of relevant commercial enterprises and organizations, if necessary, to discuss with higher organizations the elimination of unreasonable alternative cash flows, and to ensure that the bank receives trade revenues in crude amounts. make suggestions on other issues of concern.
The Head Office of the Central Bank calculates the collection of trade revenues on a monthly and quarterly basis throughout the country, region and city.
If there is a discrepancy between the actual revenue received and the revenue that should actually fall in line with the actual retail turnover, the reasons for the difference will be identified and measures will be taken to increase the cash flow to the bank's cash registers.
The following information is used in the analysis of the collection of sales for the quarter of the year by the Department: the report on cash turnover of trade organizations, the report on the value of periodicals distributed on prepaid subscriptions, then information on the subscription fee received for the periodicals to be distributed.
Cash is provided to all business entities, regardless of their form of ownership, for the payment of legally established, as well as only wages and equivalent payments, pensions, allowances, stipends, business trips.
Banks have the right to receive information from them about the sources of cash inflows and the appropriateness of spending money.
Cash services for all organizations are provided by commercial banking institutions licensed by the Central Bank.
We know that the circulation of money is manifested in the fact that money is always in circulation, constantly performing its functions. That is, the movement of cash and non-cash money in the performance of its functions leads to the circulation of money.
In each country, the circulation of money is regulated by certain laws and regulations. In the previous centralized, planned management-based economic system, money circulation was managed on a planning basis. In particular, the income and expenditures of the population are coordinated by the state. That is, by expanding the production of goods, lending goods to the population, changing the price system, and so on.
Since all processes are governed by the state, when the law on money circulation was violated, the state regulated the circulation of money through the appropriation of prices within its currency, monetary reform. Until 1991, the organization and planning of money circulation in the territory of the former Soviet Union was carried out on the basis of the balance of income and expenditure of the population, as well as cash and credit plans.
At the national and republican levels, the balance sheet is compiled with extensive processes across the two sections. The balance sheet shows the distribution of income and expenditure of the population by social groups: workers and employees, collective farmers.
Part A of the balance sheet reflects the income of the population from the state, cooperatives and public organizations, as well as the main directions of the use of this income. Section B takes into account the paid income and expenses related to the sale of goods and services among the population.
The main purpose of compiling the balance of income and expenditure of the population is to make economically sound forecasts of possible monetary income and expenditure of the population. The importance of the balance sheet in the formation of cash flow is thus determined.
The volume of cash circulation in the country is mainly limited by the process of compiling the income of the population and their subsequent use for a specific purpose. The balance sheet shows the indicators used to determine the amount of money needed for the transaction. The balance sheet determines the purchase fund of the population, which is mainly intended for the purchase of goods by the population.
In the balance of income and expenditure of the population, the fact that income exceeds expenditure means that cash in the population has increased, while spending exceeds income, on the contrary, means that the cash balance of the population has decreased.
Balancing the income and expenditure of the population means the need to expand the production of consumer goods, to develop measures to develop the activities of enterprises that provide paid services to the population.
Since 1991, the calculation of the balance of income and expenditure of the population has been structured as follows.

Table 1
Balance of income and expenditure of the population

№