The work of caravaggio ielts reading answers
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below. Multitasking Debate Can you do them at the same time? A Talking on the phone while driving isn’t the only situation where we’re worse at multitasking than we might like to think we are. New studies have identified a bottleneck in our
brains that some say means we are fundamentally incapable of true multitasking. If experimental findings reflect real-world performance, people who think they are multitasking are probably just underperforming in all – or at best, all but one – of their parallel pursuits. Practice might improve your performance, but you will never be as good
as when focusing on one task at a time. B The problem, according to René Marois, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee, is that there’s a sticking point in the brain. To demonstrate this, Marois devised an experiment to locate it. Volunteers watch a screen and when a particular image appears, a red circle, say,
they have to press a key with their index finger. Different coloured circles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second, and the volunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen to different recordings and respond by making a specific sound. For instance, when they hear a
bird chirp, they have to say “ba”; an electronic sound should elicit a “ko”, and so on. Again, no problem. A normal person can do that in about half a second, with almost no effort. C The trouble comes when Marois shows the volunteers an image, and then almost immediately plays them a sound. Now they’re flummoxed. “If you show an
image and play a sound at the same time, one task is postponed,” he says. In fact, if the second task is introduced within the half-second or so it takes to process and react to the first, it will simply be delayed until the first one is done. The largest dual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presented simultaneously; delays
progressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens. D There are at least three points where we seem to get stuck, says Marois. The first is in simply identifying what we’re looking at. This can take a few tenths of a second, during which time we are not able to see and recognise a second item. This limitation is
known as the “attentional blink”: experiments have shown that if you’re watching out for a particular event and a second one shows up unexpectedly any time within this crucial window of concentration, it may register in your visual cortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly, if you don’t expect the first event, you have to
trouble to respond to the second. What exactly causes the attentional blink is still a matter for debate. E A second limitation is in our short-term visual memory. It’s estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time, fewer if they are complex. This capacity shortage is thought to explain, in part, our astonishing inability to detect
even huge changes in scenes that are otherwise identical, so-called “change blindness”. Show people pairs of near-identical photos – say, aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other – and they will fail to spot the differences. Here again, though, there is disagreement about what the essential limiting factor really is. Does
it come down to a dearth of storage capacity, or is it about how much attention a viewer is paying? F A third limitation is that choosing a response to a stimulus – braking when you see a child in the road, for instance, or replying when your mother tells you over the phone that she’s thinking of leaving your dad – also takes brainpower.
Selecting a response to one of these things will delay by some tenths of a second your ability to respond to the other. This is called the “response selection bottleneck” theory, first proposed in 1952. G But David Meyer, a psychologist at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, doesn’t buy the bottleneck idea. He thinks dual-task interference
is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritise multiple activities. Meyer is known as something of an optimist by his peers. He has written papers with titles like “Virtually perfect time-sharing in dual-task performance: Uncorking the central cognitive bottleneck”. His experiments have shown that with enough practice – at least
2000 tries – some people can execute two tasks simultaneously as competently as if they were doing them one after the other. He suggests that there is a central cognitive processor that coordinates all this and, what’s more, he thinks it used discretion: sometimes it chooses to delay one task while completing another. H Marois agrees
that practice can sometimes erase interference effects. He has found that with just 1 hour of practice each day for two weeks, volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both his tasks at once. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achieve this. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to
find less congested circuits to execute a task – rather like finding trusty back streets to avoid heavy traffic on main roads – effectively making our response to the task subconscious. After all, there are plenty of examples of subconscious multitasking that most of us routinely manage: walking and talking, eating and reading, watching TV
and folding the laundry. I It probably comes as no surprise that, generally speaking, we get worse at multitasking as we age. According to Art Kramer at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign, who studies how ageing affects our cognitive abilities, we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow through our 30s and on into our 50s,
it is there; and after 55, it becomes more precipitous. In one study, he and his colleagues had both young and old participants do a simulated driving task while carrying on a conversation. He found that while young drivers tended to miss background changes, older drivers failed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise, older
subjects had more trouble paying attention to the more important parts of a scene than young drivers. J It’s not all bad news for over-55s, though. Kramer also found that older people can benefit from the practice. Not only did they learn to perform better, but brain scans also showed that underlying that improvement was a change in the
way their brains become active. While it’s clear that practice can often make a difference, especially as we age, the basic facts remain sobering. “We have this impression of an almighty complex brain,” says Marois, “and yet we have very humbling and crippling limits.” For most of our history, we probably never needed to do more than
one thing at a time, he says, and so we haven’t evolved to be able to. Perhaps we will in future, though. We might yet look back one day on people like Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers. Questions 28-32 The Reading Passage has ten paragraphs A-J. Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter A-J, in boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet. 28 A theory explained delay happens when selecting one reaction 29 Different age group responds to important things differently 30 Conflicts happened when visual and audio element emerge simultaneously 31 An experiment designed to demonstrates the critical part
of the brain for multitasking 32 A viewpoint favors the optimistic side of multitasking performance Questions 33-35 Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write your answers in boxes 33-35 on your answer sheet. 33 Which one is correct about the experiment conducted by René Marois? A participants performed poorly on the listening
task solely B volunteers press a different key on different color C participants need to use different fingers on the different colored object D they did a better fob on Mixed image and sound information 34 Which statement is correct about the first limitation of Marois’s experiment? A “attentional blink” takes about ten seconds B lag
occurs if we concentrate on one object while the second one appears C we always have trouble in reaching the second one D first limitation can be avoided by certain measures 35 Which one is NOT correct about Meyer’s experiments and statements? A just after failure in several attempts can people execute dual-task B
Practice
can overcome dual-task interference C Meyer holds a different opinion on Marois’s theory D an existing processor decides whether to delay another task or not Questions 36-40 Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet, write YES if the
statement is true NO if the statement is false NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage 36 The longer gap between two presenting tasks means shorter delay toward the second one. 37 Incapable of human memory cause people to sometimes miss the differences when presented two similar images. 38
Marois has a different opinion on the claim that training removes the bottleneck effect. 39 Art Kramer proved there is a correlation between multitasking performance and genders 40 The author doesn’t believe that the effect of practice could bring any variation. This IELTS Reading post focuses on all the solutions for IELTS Cambridge 9
Test 4 Reading Passage 1 which is entitled ‘The Life and Work of Marie Curie‘ . This is a targeted post for candidates who have lots of problems in finding answers for the Reading module. This post can guide you the best to comprehend each Reading answer without facing much difficulty. Tracing IELTS Reading answers is a slow
process and I sincerely hope this post can assist you in your IELTS Reading preparation. IELTS Cambridge 9 Test 4: AC Reading Module Reading Passage 1: The headline of the passage: The Life and Work of Marie Curie Questions 1-6: (TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVEN) In this type of question, candidates are asked to find out whether: The
statement in the question agrees with the information in the passage – TRUE The statement in the question contradicts with the information in the passage – FALSE If there is no information on this – NOT GIVEN [For this type of question, you can divide each statement into three independent pieces and make your way through with the
answer.] Question 1: Marie Curie’s husband was a joint winner of both Marie’s Nobel Prizes. Keywords for the question: husband, joint winner, both Nobel Prizes, Let’s have a look at the first paragraph. In lines 5-8 the writer says, “With her husband, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel, she (Marie) was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for
Physics, and was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry.” The lines suggest that Marie Curie shared her first Nobel Prize with her husband and Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel in 1903, but she won the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry alone (sole winner). So, the answer is: FALSE Buy Cambridge IELTS Series 9 from
this link. Question 2: Marie became interested in science when she was a child. Keywords for the question: interested, science, child, In paragraph no. 2 we find information about Marie Curie’s childhood. We can learn about the brilliance of her memory. But there is no information about her interest in science. So, the answer is: NOT
GIVEN Question 3: Marie was able to attend the Sorbonne because of her sister’s financial contribution. Keywords for the question: attend the Sorbonne, sister’s financial contribution, In the end of paragraph no. 2, the writer says, “.. .. . . From her earnings she was able to finance her sister Bronia’s medical studies in Paris, on the
understanding that Bronia would, in turn, later help her to get an education.” This means Marie financed her sister Bronia’s education and hoped that one day Bronia would be able to help in Marie’s education. Then, in the next paragraph, the writer says, “In 1891, this promise was fulfilled and Marie went to Paris and began to study at the
Sorbonne (the University of Paris).” So, it is correct that Marie was able to attend the Sorbonne because of her sister contributed for her financially. So, the answer is: TRUE Question 4: Marie stopped doing research for several years when her children were born. Keywords for the question: stop doing research, children, born, In the
beginning of paragraph no. 6, the writer mentions, “The births of Marie’s two daughters, Irene and Eve, in 1897 and 1904 failed to interrupt her scientific work.” So, it’s a false statement that Marie stopped doing her research for some years when her children were born. So, the answer is: FALSE Question 5: Marie took over the teaching
position her husband had held. Keywords for the question: took over, teaching position, husband, held, In paragraph no. 7, in lines 3-5, the writer says, “On May 13, 1906, she was appointed to the professorship that had been left vacant on her husband’s death, becoming the first woman to teach at the Sorbonne.” So, the answer is:
TRUE Question 6: Marie’s sister Bronia studied the medical uses of radioactivity. Keywords for the question: Bronia, studied, medical uses of radioactivity, There is no mention in this passage on whether Bronia studied radioactivity or not. So, the answer is: NOT GIVEN Questions 7-13: (Completing notes with ONE WORD AND/OR A
NUMBER): In this type of question, candidates are asked to write only word and/or a number to complete some notes on the given topic. For this type of question, first skim the passage to find the keywords in the paragraph concerned with the answer, and then scan to find the exact word. [TIPS: Here scanning technique will come handy.
Target the keywords of the questions to find the answers. Remember to focus on Proper nouns, random Capital letters, numbers, special characters of text etc.] Question 7: When uranium was discovered to be radioactive, Marie Curie found that the element called _________ had the same property. Keywords for the question: uranium,
radioactive, element, same property, In paragraph no. 4, in lines 3-4, the writer says, “Marie decided to find out if the radioactivity discovered in uranium was to be found in other elements. She discovered that this was true for thorium.” Here, this was true for = had the same property So, the answer is: thorium Question 8:
Marie and
Pierre Curie’s research into the radioactivity of the mineral known as _______ led to the discovery of two new elements. Keywords for the question: radioactivity, mineral, known, the discovery of two new elements, In paragraph no. 5, the writer says in lines 1-5, “Turning her attention to minerals, she found her interest drawn to
pitchblende, a mineral whose radioactivity, superior to that of pure uranium, could be explained by the presence in the ore of small quantities of an unknown substance of very high activity. Pierre Curie joined her in the work that she had undertaken to resolve the problem, and that led to the discovery of the new elements, polonium and
radium.” So, it was the research of pitchblende which further progressed to the discovery of two new elements, polonium and radium. So, the answer is: pitchblende Question 9: In 1911, Marie Curie received recognition for her work on the element ________. Keywords for the question: In 1911, received recognition, element, In
paragraph no 7, in the last lines, the author says, “In 1911, she was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for the isolation of a pure form of radium.” Here, received recognition for = was awarded the Nobel Prize for So, the answer is: radium Question 10: Marie and Irene Curie developed X-radiography which was used as a medical
technique for ___________. Keywords for the question: Irene, X-radiography, medical technique for, In paragraph no. 8, in the beginning, the writer says, “During World War I, Marie Curie, with the help of her daughter Irene, devoted herself to the development of the use of X-radiography, including the mobile units which came to be known
as ‘Litter Curies’, used for the treatment of wounded soldiers.” Here, medical technique = treatment So, the answer is: soldiers Question 11: Marie Curie saw the importance of collecting radioactive material both for research and for cases of _________. Keywords for the question: importance, collecting radioactive material, research, In
paragraph no. 10, the writer indicates in the very beginning, “One of Marie Curie’s outstanding achievements was to have understood the need to accumulate intense radioactive sources, not only to treat illness but also to maintain an abundant supply for research.” Here, saw the importance means understood the need, collect means
accumulate, It means that Marie Curie found out the importance of collecting or accumulating radioactive materials for research and treating illness. So, the answer is: illness Question 12: The radioactive material stocked in Paris contributed to the discoveries in the 1930s of the ________ and of what was known as artificial radioactivity.
Keywords for the question: radioactive material, Paris, discoveries in the 1930s, artificial radioactivity, In paragraph no. 10, the writer says that “The existence in Paris at the Radium Institute of a stock of 1.5 grams of radium made a decisive contribution to the success of the experiments undertaken in the years around 1930. This work
prepared the way for the discovery of the neutron by Sir James Chadwick and, above all, for the discovery in 1934 by Irene and Frederic Joliet-Curie of artificial radioactivity.” Here, made a decisive contribution means contributed to So, the answer is: neutron Question 13: During her research, Marie Curie was exposed to radiation and as
a result, she suffered from _________. Keywords for the question: exposed, radiation, suffered from, At the very end of paragraph no. 10, the author says, “A few months after this discovery, Marie Curie died as a result of leukaemia caused by exposure to radiation.” This means that Marie Curie died suffering from leukaemia, as she
was exposed to radiation when doing her research. So, the answer is: leukaemia Click here for solutions to Cambridge 9 Test 4 Reading Passage 2 Click here for solutions to Cambridge 9 Test 4 Reading Passage 3
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