The word-forming system of english


Minor Types of Word-formation



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9-THEME (2)

Minor Types of Word-formation

  • Sound-interchange is the formation of a new word due to an alteration in the phonemic composition of the root of a word.
  • Sound-interchange can be of two types:
  • vowel-interchange, e.g. full – fill; in some cases vowel-interchange is combined with suffixation, e.g. long – length;
  • consonant-interchange e.g. believe – belief.

Minor Types of Word-formation

  • New words formed by sound imitation denote an action or a thing by more or less exact reproduction of the sound which is associated with it.
  • Let’s compare such words from English and Russian:
  • cock-a-dodoodle-do ку-ка-ре-ку,
  • bang бах, бац (сильный удар).

Minor Types of Word-formation

  • According to the source of sound:
  • words denoting sounds produced by human beings in the process of communication or expressing their feelings, e.g. chatter, boo;
  • words denoting sounds produced by animals, birds, insects, e.g. moo, buzz;
  • words imitating the sounds of water, the noise of metallic things, movements, e.g. splash, scratch, swing.

Minor Types of Word-formation

  • Distinctive stress is the formation of a new word by means of the shift of the stress in the source word, e.g.,
  • 'increase (n) – in'crease (v),
  • 'subject (n) – sub'ject (v).

Minor Types of Word-formation

  • Backformation is the formation of a new word by cutting off a real or supposed suffix, as a result of misinterpretation of the structure of the existing word.
  • This type of word-formation is built on analogy, e.g.
  • cobbler – to cobble,
  • blood transfusion – to blood transfuse.

Minor Types of Word-formation

  • In reduplication new words are formed by doubling a stem, either without any phonetic changes or with a variation of the root-vowel or consonant, e.g. walkie-talkie, riff-raff, hurdy-gurdy.
  • Some more examples:
  • bye-bye
  • chit-chat
  • walkie-talkie

Home task:

  • Read the lecture
  • Make up the vocabulary of it
  • Be ready to answer the questions given after the lecture.

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