The Web Application Hacker’s Handbook Discovering and Exploiting Security Flaws


particular transitions are preferred, there is a likelihood that the algo-



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particular transitions are preferred, there is a likelihood that the algo-

rithm is flawed in some way.



Perform NIST FIPS-140-2 statistical tests, identifying any statistically



anomalous distribution of bits.



Check for correlations between arbitrary bits; a truly random token will



exhibit no correlation between the state of one bit and the state of

another.



These tests cannot be carried out effectively simply by visual inspection.



Of the publicly available tools, Stompy is most effective at carrying out

full-blown tests of randomness.

Weaknesses in Session Token Handling

No matter how effective an application is at ensuring that the session tokens it

generates do not contain any meaningful information and are not susceptible

to analysis or prediction, its session mechanism will be wide open to attack if

those tokens are not handled carefully after generation. For example, if tokens

are disclosed to an attacker via some means, then the attacker can hijack user

sessions even if predicting the tokens is impossible.

There are various ways in which an application’s unsafe handling of tokens

can make it vulnerable to attack.


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