Perfect Progressive
The perfect progressive combines the perfect and the progressive to refer to the completed portion of a continuous action.
The news crew had been working for more than twelve hours to provide full coverage of the event.
I will have been sleeping for many hours by then.
Verbal Mood
Verb mood is to the “attitude” of the verb. More specifically, “mood” refers to the degree of necessity, obligation, or probability. Is it a statement of fact? Is it a command? Mood can be expressed in any verb tense. The three main moods used in English are indicative, subjunctive, imperative.
Indicative
The indicative mood is used for factual statements.
Sally is drinking coffee.
Sally drinks coffee.
Sally drank coffee.
Subjunctive
The subjunctive mood is for hypothetical situations, emotions, or making requests. It is often (but not always) paired with a clause containing would, should, or could, or an if-then statement.
If I were a pilot, I would fly through the clouds.
The carousel closed. I wish it were still in use.
Imperative
The imperative mood is used to give commands.
Go finish your homework.
Please hang your coat.
Don’t eat a snack now or you’ll ruin your supper.
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