The use of 3d printed Scaffold Models in Medical and Biomedical Engineering Education. Abstract

The use of 3D Printed Scaffold Models in Medical and Biomedical Engineering Education.
Abstract.
3D printing techniques are becoming state-of the art technique in the field of engineering research, enabling for the rapid and low-cost creation of prototypes and components using computer-aided design (CAD). In addition, interest is also increasing in using these techniques in a clinical setting to create anatomically 3D printed models from medical imaging for research, training, and teaching. However, the procedures and tools for creating 3D models of anatomical structures often necessitate a high level of expertise in image processing and mesh editing. We discuss the benefits of 3D printing for patient education, healthcare professional education, interventional planning, and implant creation in this article. We also try to explain how to split volumes of interest, improve them, and prepare them for 3D printing using medical image data. We preferred use scaffold as example. We hope this knowledge will be of use to researchers, teachers and students with little or no previous experience in 3D printing scaffolds processing who have identified a potential application for 3D printing in a medical context, or those with a more general interest in the techniques.

Keywords: 3D bioprinting, tissue-mimicking models, Scaffolds, printable biomaterials, biodegradable materials, medical education.
1.Introduction
Currently there are shortage in orthopaedic implants three of the most important characteristics of living tissues: (1) the ability to self-regeneration; (2) the ability to maintain a blood supply; and (3) the ability to modify their structure and properties in response to environmental factors such as mechanical load. As you know implants have a limited life-time and, as life expectancy is continually increasing, it is proposed that a shift in emphasis from replacement of tissues to regeneration of tissues is required to satisfy this growing need for very long-term orthopaedic repair. The tissue engineering is a multi-disciplinary field that includes cell and molecular biology, materials science, chemical and mechanical engineering, chemistry and physics. There is the potential for stem cells to be extracted from a patient, seeded on a scaffold of the desired architecture in vitro, where they will be given the biological signals to proliferate and differentiate, and the tissue will grow, ready for implantation.¹ This work were dedicated on the development of such scaffolds and discusses how the materials used should be tailored for the regeneration of specific tissues and discusses teaching them in medical and engineering.

1.