antiguo registro de aconteceres, con
sus años y días, nombres de lugares,
de reyes y señores.
El destino—o los destinos— de los
muchos pueblos que han vivido y
viven en tierras mexicanas tuvo
tiempos propiclos y tiempos funestos.
Hubo épocas de gran creatividad y
otras de crisis y enfrentamientos, que
llevaron a dramáticas desapariciones
de hombres y de formas de existir.
Los mitos y leyendas, la tradición oral
y el gran conjunto de inscripciones
perpetuaron la memoria de tales
aconteceres.
Del más grande y trágico de los
encuentros que experimentó el
hombre indígena habrían de escribir
personajes como el propio
conquistador Hernán Cortés en sus
Cartas de Relatión y el soldado
cronista Bernal Díaz del Castillo en su
Historia verdadera de la Nueva
España. Pero también los vencidos
dejaron sus testimonios. Entre otros,
un viejo manuscrito fechado en 1528,
que se conserva ahora en la Biblioteca
Nacional de París, consigna en lengua
náhuatl (azteca) la memoria de lo que
fue
para los antiguos
and the names of kings and other
notables, constitute the oldest known
chronicle (600 to 300 BC) of the New
World.
The people, or rather peoples, who
succeeded one another on Mexican
soil met with mixed fortunes. Bursts
of creativity were punctuated by times
of crisis and war which even led to the
abrupt disappearance of entire
populations and civilizations. The
memory of these events lives on in the
thousands of inscriptions and the
legends of oral tradition.
The greatest and most tragic clash of
cultures in pre-Columbian civilization
was recorded by some of those who
took part in the conquest of Mexico.
Hernán Cortés himself sent five
remarkable letters
(Cartas de relatión)
back to Spain between 1519 and
1526; and the soldier-chronicler
Bernal Díaz del Castillo (c. 1492–
1580), who served under Cortés, fifty
years after the event wrote his
Historia verdadera de la conquista de
la Nueva España (‘True History of the
Conquest of New Spain’). The
vanquished peoples also left written
records.
mexicanos el más grande de los
traumas. (…)
A manuscript dated 1528, now in the
Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris,
recounts in Nahuatl, the language of
the Aztecs, the traumatic fate of the
Indians. (…)
M.Léon Portilla
Sample 9.2
appeared concurrently in the Spanish- and English-language editions
of the
UNESCO Courier. This periodical reflects the aims of UNESCO as an
institution, namely, the promotion of the cultures of the world and dissemination
of knowledge and understanding of them. From the perspective of top-down
analysis, both source text and target text thus have an identical generic
128 THE
TRANSLATOR AS COMMUNICATOR
specification (in terms of the social occasion constituted by their being written
and the channel in which they are to appear) and are equally aimed at
international readers with a moderately didactic intention. Yet, as outlined in
Chapter 2
, the genre of detached historical exposition which characterizes the
target text, considered as a text in its own right, diverges from the history-as-
commitment genre of the source text. In bottom-up analysis, the intertextual
membership of an utterance (genre, discourse, text) is identified by text users on
the basis of lexical choices and organization at the levels of texture and structure.
It is to this micro-level of analysis that we now turn to observe the developing
discourses of source text and target text. The discourse features which we have
chosen to present, as revealing the tacit assumptions which constitute ideologies,
are once more lexical choice, cohesion and transitivity, together with, here and
there, presupposition as an important component of intentionality (cf. the ‘fourth
assumption’ in
Chapter 2
).
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