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Part III
Topics in Separation, Visitation, and Reunification
ing out (e.g., running away, self-destructive behavior, promiscuous
sexual behavior, substance abuse) can not only impede healthy develop-
ment and disrupt family and community functioning, but may ultimately
make the legally mandated transition untenable. The likelihood of such
“adoption ruptures” increases with the child’s age (Testa, 2004, p. 124).
Implicit in this observation is the fact that even victims of abuse take
comfort in the familiarity of their relationship with their abusers such
that removal can spark a sometimes volcanic combination of relief and
loss and fear and anger.
13
Some children who are known to have suffered indescribable abuse
and neglect, who have witnessed domestic violence, who have bounced
between well-intended but limited foster care residences, and who con-
tinue to live with the constant uncertainty of whether Mom will arrive
for the scheduled supervised visit and whether the court will let him go
home, seem fine.
Don’t fall for it. Each of these events, singly, is cause enough for a
child to become angry or anxious, withdrawn or aggressive, or any of a
hundred other profiles in pathology. All of these events combined are a
certain recipe for profound insecurity, at the least.
Some of these children become chameleons. They deny or compart-
mentalize their pain in favor of fitting in to the immediate social environ-
ment the same way that the reptile changes his colors to fit in to the
immediate physical environment. At a glance, this child may look fine.
He’s the 5-year-old who greets you by name, shakes your hand, and
looks you in the eye, or the 10-year-old who says, “No thank you,” he’d
rather talk than play. This child has compromised his identity in favor
of fitting in. Look beneath the surface. You’re likely to discover that this
child has secrets. He hoardes food, lights fires, abuses animals or harms
himself. He steals or lies. He has an eating disorder, is failing school
or is somaticizing his distress as bellyaches, headaches, or muscle pain.
The incongruity between the harsh reality that this child has survived
and his smiling, agreeable presentation should be clue enough. Referral
for a mental health assessment will either make you look like a cynic
or—far more likely—help you catch and begin to treat hidden distress.
Across age, the loss of a primary caregiver for any reason is likely
to be recast in the child’s thinking as a matter of personal failure,
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