4.
In utero maternal stress:
The hormones associated with severe
and prolonged stress can have a deleterious impact on the
child’s development in utero, as illustrated by the observation
that, “prenatal exposure to a moderately severe natural disaster
is associated with lower cognitive and language abilities at
5
1
/
2
years of age” (LaPlante, Brunet, Schmitz, Ciampi, & King,
2008, p. 12).
5.
In utero drug exposure:
Maternal drug use can cause idiopathic
damage in utero. For example, fetal cocaine exposure has a
clear detrimental impact on IQ, most prominently for males
(Bennet, Bendersky, & Lewis, 2008).
Do'stlaringiz bilan baham: |