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S + have/has + V 3
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We have finished the work.
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S + have/has +not + V 3
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They haven’t finished the work.
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Have/Has + S + V 3
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Has he finished the work?
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Wh+ have/has + S + V 3
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What has she finished?
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Who (ega) + has + V 3
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Who has finished the work?
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key words: already, recently, lately, yet, just, this + morning/week/month, today, since, for, ever,
never, so far, up to now, by now, Once/twice/three times…, the first/second time,
in/for/during the past/last few days
Before(sodda gapda) I haven’t seen him before.
After(qo’shma gapda), He will go to school after he has had dinner .
Present Perfect tense is used:
1 Present perfect tense o’tgan noma’lum vaqtda bajarilgan va gapiralayotgan vaqtgacha tugagan ish xarakatni ko’rsatadi. Ish xarakatning bajarilgan aniq vaqti berilmaydi, chunki bu narsa berilayotgan ma’lumot uchun muhim emas yoki noma’lum.. :
♦ Natijasi hozirgi zamonda ko’rinib turgan yaqin o’tgan zamonda bajarilgan ish xarakatni ko’rsatadi.- 1. Tom has lost his wallet. He is looking for it now 2. The taxi hasn't arrived. We’re still waiting for it.3. What have you done to your lip? It’s bleeding. 4. Peter has shaved his beard off. He looks different. 5. She has just washed her hair.( She has now wrapped her hair in a towel, so the action has finished.
♦ Present perfect biror shaxsning hayoti davomida sodir bo’lgan(qachon bajarilgani muhim emas) ish xarakatlarni ko’rsatadi.Bunda odatda once ,twice, three times, son + ot, a lot so’zlari bilan ushbu ish xarakatlar necha marotaba bajarilganini this/it is the first/second/t hird… time so’zlari bilan nechanchi marotaba bajarilayotganini, never bilan hech qachon bajarilmaganini, ever, bow much, how many or how many times bilan esa ushbu ish xarakatlarni bajarganligiini so’rash uchun ishlatiladi. - 1. I've been to the States. (I still remember.)2. She's written poetry, children's stories and biographies. (In her writing career)3. Have you ever had an operation? (At any time in your life up to now) 4. How many times has he been married? (In his life) 5. Have you ever been to Australia? 6. I have never tried pizza before. It is very nice.
Note: yuqoridagi ish xarakatlarni bajarilgan aniq vaqti haqida so’rash yoki aytish past simple bilan beriladi.
(that questions and answers about definite times are expressed in the Past Simple.)
When did you go to the States? Was her poetry published while she was alive?
I broke my leg once, but I didn't have to stay in hospital. He met his second wife in the dry cleaner's.
♦ Yangiliklar present perfect bilan tanishtiriladi.( Hozirgina bo’lgan voqea yoki rasmiy xabarlar) We often announce 'news' in the Present Perfect. - 1. Have you heard? The Prime Minister has resigned.2. Susan has had her baby! 3. I've ruined the meal. It's burnt.4. I haven't done my homework yet. (Negative) 5. Has the postman been yet? (Question)6. I've already done my homework. 7. I've just seen some scissors. Now where did I put them? 8. Oh! I have burnt my finger.9.I have broken my pen. Could you give me yours.
Ammo: Yangiliklarni tafsilotlari past simple yoki past continuous da beriladi. I have seen an old friend of
mine. I saw him on my way home. He was going to the party.
♦ Ish – xarakat hali tugamagan bo’lsa ham uning bajarilgan qismi / natijasi haqidagi ma’lumotni berish uchun. today, this week, a lot, son +ot kabi so’zlar bilan.
I am reading Shaytanat now. I have read 83 pages/a lot.
2. live va work fe’llari ham perfect ham perfect continiuos da farqsiz ishlatilishi mumkin. It expresses an action which began in the past and still continues.
1. I have lived/have been living in Ferghana for five years. 2.She has worked/has been working in London for six months. How long have you lived here?
1.Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key 2. Ow ! I've cut my finger. 3.The road is closed. There's been (there has been) an accident.4. (From the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery. 5. 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it. (= I don't have it now)6. He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. (= I can't remember it now)7.'Is Sally here?' 'No, she's gone out. (= she is out now)8. I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (= Do you know where it is now?)9. 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I've just had lunch."10. Hello. Have you just arrived?11.'Don't forget to send the letter." 'I've already sent it.12. 'What time is Mark leaving?" 'He's already gone.13. Has it stopped raining yet? No, it is still raining. 13.I've written the letter, but I haven't sent it vet.14. Jim is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there) 15. Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy. (= she has now come back) 16. DAVE: Have you travelled a lot, Jane? JANE: Yes, I've been to lots of places. DAVE: Really? Have you ever been to China? JANE: Yes, I've been to China twice. DAVE: What about India? JANE: No, I haven't been to India.17. Have you ever eaten caviar? (in your life) 18. We've never had a car. 19. 'Have you read “Hamlet” 'No, I haven't read any of Shakespeare's plays.' 20. Susan really loves that film. She's seen it eight times! 21. What a boring film! It's the most boring film I've ever seen.
22. I've never been to China. Have you been there? 23 .Have you heard from Brian recently? 24. I've met a lot of people in the last few days.25. Everything is going well. We haven't had any problems so far. 26. I'm hungry. I haven't eaten anything since breakfast. (= from breakfast until now) 27. It's good to see you again. We haven't seen each other for a long time. 28. I've drunk four cups of coffee today.29. Have you had a holiday this year (yet)? 30. I haven't seen Tom this morning. Have you?31. Rob hasn't studied very hard this term. 32.This is the first time I’ve driven a car 33. The ceiling was white. Now it is red. She has painted the ceiling 34. The car is OK again now. I've repaired it. 35. Somebody has eaten all my chocolates. The box is empty. 36. Where's the book I gave you? What have you done with it? 37. Have you ever played tennis?
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