The pecularities of english romanticism: two trends-progressive and regressive. The poets of the "lake school"- w. Wordsworth, S. Coleridge, R. Southey

1.2. Romanticism of the "lake school"
The Romanticism of England tirelessly searched all his life and studied from history, folklore, ballads, songs, from life. The romanticism of England for a long time competed with the romanticism of Germany. And today the method of the English Romantics is interesting and ideal for those who try their hand at poetry.
Since the 19th century, romanticism has covered all spheres of artistic life: “in music, romanticism is represented by the works of F. Schubert, R. Schumann, F. Chopin; in the theater, A. Adam 's ballet Giselle, based on the plot of a German legend recorded by G. Heine, became a masterpiece of romantic art ; in painting, romantic ideals were affirmed by E. Delacroix and T. Géricault ; romantic poetry was raised to the shield by D.G.N. Byron and A. Mickiewicz, V. Hugo, E. Poe and G. Heine, Walter Scott, Hans Christian Andersen" (1, 11). Remembering the works of the “lake school”, a blue flower appears immediately, which is a symbol not only of early romanticism, but of all romanticism in general.
Romanticism is not only a literary trend, but also philosophical and aesthetic at the same time. And if realism or classicism is determined by the era, and modernism is trying to destroy the existing era, then romanticism is an attempt to change oneself, one’s thoughts, feelings, romanticism is the discovery of a new world in oneself and in others, therefore the historical era is not always included in the romantic consciousness of the hero or on the contrary, actively helps or opposes it.
In the world classics, romantic perception is similar to enlightenment. Although the development of romanticism in the 19th century in England correlates with the general European literary process, the romanticism of the “lake school” is more mystical, folklore, and is associated with the motifs of antiquity.
Let us give examples from the poetry of Keats.
Antiquity inspired many poets, especially during the period of romanticism in Europe and Russia, one of the representatives of European romanticism was J. Keats , the images of Hellenism helped him build original works, mainly odes, which in their ideological content represented examples of inspiration from nature and the surrounding world.
Aesthetics is the most important thing for me that can be seen in this work. Antiquity is the poet's friend, keeps the history and aesthetics of mankind, eternal images of beauty, harmony, ideal.
The first thing I read was Ode to a Greek Vase. The graphic space of the text has a thematically expressed title. Five stanzas determine the composition of the verse.
The first stanza is parcellation and rhetorical figures - all this gives a powerful emotional lift, while reading, you understand how much the poet was inspired.
Depicting love and music in the second part, the poet calls for happiness in the third stanza. The lexical repetition of the lexeme “happy” sounds like a refrain in the mind of the reader: “The living melody will never cease . / / Happy, happy love!”.
This is followed by the ancient image of the priest, the attributes of antiquity, and again the author asks us deeply philosophical questions of being.
In the finale, the lyrical hero affirms the perfections of antiquity: “The Attic form is enclosed / / The silent, many-sided world of passions, / The courage of men, the charm of young wives." Spiritual affinity with the world of Hellenism is formulated in the verse: “Beauty is truth, truth is beauty; / / this is all that a person knows on earth and that he should know.”
The poem is harmonious, musical, philosophical, unusual - all this justifies the fact that in his homeland, in England, the poet is a recognized genius and his name stands next to such luminaries as Byron and Shelley. In my opinion, this work switches us, readers, from everyday problems to problems and contemplation of being and life, gives a kind of reboot and motivation to a conscious high existence on earth, who, no matter how Keats was aware of the ideological nature of life, because he understood that his the disease is incurable and he will soon die, but despite this, he continued to create.
The text "The Grasshopper and the Cricket" understands the philosophical problem of the poet and poetry in life: " No, earthly poetry will not die...". The images of insects are shown poetically, there is a comparative characteristic, based on which we realize how beautiful nature is, Keats' nature is a concert, delight, fun. Syntactic parallelism is the basis of the comparative technique, it gives the images additional elements and creativity of the image of nature.
Another masterpiece “ To the Sea” is reminiscent of Zhukovsky’s elegy and Pushkin’s poem and presents the image of the sea personified, it whispers, sleeps, it’s eternity, because a lot is hidden in it, the sea is beautiful, and at the same time terrible, because it sinks ships in itself and takes lives. But the sea helps a person to find himself: “And you, O victims of city life…”.
“It's time for fruiting and rains!” - this is how the ode to autumn begins, another ode, and there are also leitmotif images of antiquity and reminds us of Pushkin's autumn and Lermontov's images. Here you come across images-markers of autumn: pumpkin, apples, flowers, fruits - many of these are attributes of autumn and life in the village. The poet asks: “Where are the songs of spring days, where are they?”. Here the image of spring arises, and I remember myself, as a child, in autumn I dreamed about spring and summer, and in summer about winter holidays. The periodicity and continuity of life, the philosophy of human being is presented as a calm contemplation of nature. Keats's poems are beautiful and unique, in them the spirit of romanticism is represented in every word.
So, the romanticism of the "lake school" of England has the following features:

1. 
   Antiquity.
   
2. 
   Myth.
   
3. 
   Folklore.
   
4. 
   Stories.
   
5. 
   Mystics.
   
6. 
   Loneliness.
   
7. 
   Suffering.
   
8. 
   Parallelism with nature.
   
9. 
   Spiritual self-development.
   
10. 
    The search for happiness.
    

The head of the "lake school", William Wordsworth, prepared for his poetic activity with serious studies and travel; possessing considerable permanent income and an estate, he was in such a happy position that he could devote his time to poetry and reflections on its essence. The cold reception given to his lyrical ballads gradually turned into unconditional approval when, following his philosophical poem "The Walk", a whole series of poetic works began to appear ( The white doc of Rylstone , "Peter Bell", "The Charioteer"), which irrefutably proved that William Wordsworth was a poet, although not a genius, but receptive to the beauties of nature. This chief representative of the "lake school" led a correct way of life, was religious and moral both in action and in thinking, was an admirer of the English "successful constitution", which united the people's freedom with sacred ties with respect for the throne and for the true church; therefore, in the eyes of the English, he was worthy to occupy the court office of a crowned poet.
The way of comprehending the English people for Wordsworth is the study of history. His judgments about romanticism, the originality of his views on English history, on the personality of the lyrical hero, the description of nature, his feelings - all this was in a new perspective of the romantic vision of the world.
It is important to note that before the Romantics in England, man was viewed mainly as a natural or social being. Man could be perceived only within the limits of history. Renouncing reality, the romantic enters the unknown zones of his own being. Transforming reality, he comprehends in himself something unique, independent, belonging only to him. This is the Watersworth method .
After various social unrest in Europe, a reorientation of humanistic ideals takes place, romantics put forward feelings, passions, experiences in the first place ­. According to the poet, reality and history for romantics are not truth, but only a certain pattern that can be transformed by the power of boundless imagination and flight.
Myth, fairy tale, legends and legends, fantastic dreams and dreams of the coming ­world harmony formed the basis of the art of lake romantics.
The main ideas of Wordsworth 's romanticism : the world around ­this world is not worthy of its embodiment in artistic creativity. The artist is the bearer of the microcosm, the universe is contained in it. History cannot be changed, especially reality, so the romantics argued that a person can and should become better through his own efforts.
At the center of the literary cosmos was the romantic genius. He perceives the world differently because he has different feelings. He does not differ from just good people in a greater degree of feeling, he has other abilities to comprehend this world.
In the work of Wordsworth , language reveals its great potential, acquires a form in which it is open to the richest content, becomes responsive to any movements of being.
In this dimension, he artistically experienced and spiritually asserted - a clear silence, as some kind of completely accessible to a person, a natural religious principle for him.
This is what - in that final and finally mature image, which he bequeathed to England and the people - the poet and his school are dear to us, this is what he is for our time.
These leitmotifs of silence, sound, light, melody show the diversity of the natural world. With the poet, the illusory nature of the sounding melodies intensifies, and at the end, “shadow music” sounds at all. The world loses its reality, and the hero finds himself in a shadowy, disturbing, devastated and hopeless world.
As the poet noted, any art is completely useless and the perception of beauty causes, first of all, a state of disinterested joy, fullness of strength, a feeling of unity of a person with the world. Therefore, poetry is the basis for the development of the individual, his spirituality, his inner world.
Wordsworth 's lyrics are unusually deep in their emotional and semantic content, in various philosophical impulses.
Regarding the figurative structure, the sounds are distributed unevenly: light - the heroine, dark - the hero.
The leitmotif of memories is focused on strengthening the subjective-romantic element in texts about childhood.
The emotive space of the text is expressed by the following linguistic means: words of the category of state (long ), adverbs (a sense of exclusivity - a lexeme especially).
Aesthetic emotions are expressed through nouns, mainly archetypes and concepts of the history and folklore of England.
The author draws the world of sleep as beautiful and magical, while the world of being is sadness, melancholy.
All mankind exists in history, and if history is understood as a discourse, then we belong to the discourse in which we exist or in which we want to exist in our thoughts. Exploring his time, the creator creates innovations from what the discourse of his era provides, we see the very shaky framework of Wordsworth 's text , his dissolution in nature.
Space and time are also the most important forms of being, in literary criticism these variables are most often combined into a single system - chronotope , because space and time are just as objective characteristics of being as its materiality and movement, for a person these characteristics of being are the most important, because without time and space, a person will no longer be connected with society.
The poet's childhood is like a temporary parallel to another reality.
The work of Wordsworth does not have a clear temporal and spatial framework. Which reflects the trends of romanticism of the 20s. 19th century.
Childhood is a well-known, but little-studied phenomenon of the social world. There is no special definition for it in psychological and pedagogical dictionaries, however, the term "childhood" is used widely, multifaceted and ambiguous. In addition, the question of what connects the different periods of childhood, ensures the general state of childhood, on the one hand, is still poorly worked out; on the other hand, which brings him to a different state, a different world - to adulthood. Balmont's childhood is a special world filled with music and harmony.
E. Sapir wrote: "Language is a guide that is becoming increasingly important as a guiding principle in the scientific study of culture" [16, p.17].
Symbols of childhood in Wordsworth open space, through meaning they go out into the world, meaning is a path that connects language with extralinguistic reality. Behind linguistic phenomena lies a certain socioculture , a certain picture of the world.
Many archetypes are used in this writing about childhood :
Images that relate to the hero-author:

1. 
   garden - can be associatively represented as a paradise, a place where there are no worries, where people's relationships are ideal;
   
2.