The numeral in modern english

2.2. Morphological functions of numerals
If we speak about morphological characteristics, the numerals do not undergo any morphological changes, that is, they do not have morphological categories. In this they differ from nouns with numerical meaning. Thus the numerals ten (o’n, десять), hundred (yuz, сто), thousand (ming, тысяча) do not have plural forms: two hundred and fifty, four thousand people, etc., whereas the corresponding homonymous nouns ten (десяток), hundred (сотня), thousand (тысяча) to tens, hundreds of people (yuzlab odamlar), thousands of birds (minglab qushlar), etc. Numerals combine mostly with nouns and function as their attributes, usually as premodifying attributes. If a noun has several premodifying attributes including a cardinal or an ordinal, these come first, as in: three tiny green leaves, seven iron men, the second pale little boy, etc. The only exception is pronoun determiners, which always begin a series of attributes:
Numerals combine mostly with nouns and function as their attributes, usually as premodifying attributes. If a noun has several premodifying attributes including a cardinal or an ordinal, these come first, as in: three tiny green leaves, seven iron men, the second pale little boy, etc.
If both a cardinal and an ordinal refer to one head-noun the ordinal comes first: In English: the first three tall girls, the second two grey dogs, etc. In Uzbek: birinchi uchta bo’yi baland qizlar, ikkinchi ikkita kulrang itlar v. x.k In Russian: первые три девушки, вторые серые собаки Nouns premodified by ordinals are used with the definite article only in English: The first men in the moon, the third month, etc. When used with the indefinite article, they lose their numerical meaning and acquire that of a pronoun (another, one more), as in English: asecond man entered, then a third in Russian: вошел еще один человек, потом еще in Uzbek: bir kishi kirdi,keyin yana (boshqasi) Postmodifying numerals combine with a limited number of nouns. Postmodifying cardinals are combinable with some nouns denoting items of certain sets of things: pages, paragraphs, chapters, parts of books, acts and scenes of plays, lessons in textbooks, apartments and rooms, buses or trams (means of transport), grammatical terms, etc.; In such cases the cardinals have a numbering meaning and thus differ semantically from the ordinals which have an enumerating meaning. Enumeration indicates the order of a thing in a certain succession of things, while numbering indicates a number constantly attached to a thing either in a certain succession or in a certain set of things. Thus, the first room (enumeration) is not necessarily room one (numbering), etc. Compare: the first room I looked into was room five, (men qaragan birinchi xona beshinchi xona edi) or the second page that he read was page twenty-three (u o’qigan ikkinchi sahifa yigirma uchinchi bet edi),etc. Postmodifying ordinals occur in combinations with certain proper names, mostly those denoting the members of well-known dynasties. If we translate these prepositional phrases into Uzbek, we use not prepositions, but case suffixes like –ni, -ning, -ga, -da, -dan etc. 2) pronouns: every three days, all seven, each fifth,(har uch kun,yettovi, har beshinchisi yoki beshtadan biri)etc. 3) adjectives: the best three of them, the last two weeks, etc.(uchtasidan eng yaxshisi, oxirgi ikki hafta) 4) particles: just five days ago, only two, only three books, he is nearly sixty, etc.(besh kun oldin holos, faqatgina ikki, faqat uch kitoblar, u deyarli oltmishda v. x.k) The numeral first may combine with the particle very: the very first of them. (ulardan (ning) eng birinchisi) When they have the function of subject or predicative the numerals are combinable with link verbs, generally the verb to be: ten were present,o’ntasi bor edi the first was my father,birinchisi mening dadam edi we are seven, biz yettitamiz she is the second,u ikkinchisi Occasionally they are combinable with some other link verbs: two seemed enough, ikkita etarli tuyulardi, the third appeared to be wounded, uchinchisi yaralangan ko’rinardi⁴
In linguistics, a numeral (or number word) in the broadest sense is a word or phrase that describes a numerical quantity. Some theories of grammar use the word "numeral" to refer to cardinal numbers that act as a determiner to specify the quantity of a noun, for example the "two" in "two hats". Some theories of grammar do not include determiners as a part of speech and consider "two" in this example to be an adjective. Some theories consider "numeral" to be a synonym for "number" and assign all numbers (including ordinal numbers like the compound word "seventy-fifth") to a part of speech called "numerals"[1][2] Numerals in the broad sense can also be analyzed as a noun ("three is a small number"), as a pronoun ("the two went to town"), or for a small number of words as an adverb ("I rode the slide twice").

Numerals can express relationships like quantity (cardinal numbers), sequence (ordinal numbers), frequency (once, twice), and part (fraction).

Numerals may be attributive, as in two dogs, or pronominal, as in I saw two (of them).
Many words of different parts of speech indicate number or quantity. Such words are called quantifiers. Examples are words such as every, most, least, some, etc. Numerals are distinguished from other quantifiers by the fact that they designate a specific number.[3] Examples are words such as five, ten, fifty, one hundred, etc. They may or may not be treated as a distinct part of speech; this may vary, not only with the language, but with the choice of word. For example, "dozen" serves the function of a noun, "first" serves the function of an adjective, and "twice" serves the function of an adverb. In Old Church Slavonic, the cardinal numbers 5 to 10 were feminine nouns; when quantifying a noun, that noun was declined in the genitive plural like other nouns that followed a noun of quantity (one would say the equivalent of "five of people"). In English grammar, the classification "numeral" (viewed as a part of speech) is reserved for those words which have distinct grammatical behavior: when a numeral modifies a noun, it may replace the article: the/some dogs played in the park → twelve dogs played in the park. (Note that *dozen dogs played in the park is not grammatical, so "dozen" is not a numeral in this sense.) English numerals indicate cardinal numbers. However, not all words for cardinal numbers are necessarily numerals. For example, million is grammatically a noun, and must be preceded by an article or numeral itself.
Numerals may be simple, such as 'eleven', or compound, such as 'twenty-three'.
In linguistics, however, numerals are classified according to purpose: examples are ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.; from 'third' up, these are also used for fractions), multiplicative numbers (once, twice, and thrice), multipliers (single, double, and triple), and distributive numbers (singly, doubly, and triply). Georgian,[4] Latin, and Romanian (see Romanian distributive numbers) have regular distributive numbers, such as Latin singuli "one-by-one", bini "in pairs, two-by-two", terni "three each", etc. In languages other than English, there may be other kinds of number words. For example, in Slavic languages there are collective numbers which describe sets, such as pair or dozen in English (see Russian numerals, Polish numerals).

Some languages have a very limited set of numerals, and in some cases they arguably do not have any numerals at all, but instead use more generic quantifiers, such as 'pair' or 'many'. However, by now most such languages have borrowed the numeral system or part of the numeral system of a national or colonial language, though in a few cases (such as Guarani[citation needed]), a numeral system has been invented internally rather than borrowed. Other languages had an indigenous system but borrowed a second set of numerals anyway. An example is Japanese, which uses either native or Chinese-derived numerals depending on what is being counted.

In many languages, such as Chinese, numerals require the use of numeral classifiers. Many sign languages, such as ASL, incorporate numerals.
Larger numerals
English has derived numerals for multiples of its base (fifty, sixty, etc), and some languages have simplex numerals for these, or even for numbers between the multiples of its base. Balinese, for example, currently has a decimal system, with words for 10, 100, and 1000, but has additional simplex numerals for 25 (with a second word for 25 only found in a compound for 75), 35, 45, 50, 150, 175, 200 (with a second found in a compound for 1200), 400, 900, and 1600. In Hindustani, the numerals between 10 and 100 have developed to the extent that they need to be learned independently.
In many languages, numerals up to the base are a distinct part of speech, while the words for powers of the base belong to one of the other word classes. In English, these higher words are hundred 102, thousand 103, million 106, and higher powers of a thousand (short scale) or of a million (long scale—see names of large numbers). These words cannot modify a noun without being preceded by an article or numeral (*hundred dogs played in the park), and so are nouns.
In East Asia, the higher units are hundred, thousand, myriad 104, and powers of myriad. In India, they are hundred, thousand, lakh 105, crore 107, and so on. The Mesoamerican system, still used to some extent in Mayan languages, was based on powers of 20: bak’ 400 (202), pik 8000 (203), kalab 160,000 (204), etc.