The ministry of public education of the republic of uzbekistan

Glossary
After reading comprehension strategies
Strategies that require the reader to actively transform key information in text that has been read (e.g., summarizing, retelling).
Tushunishstrategiyasinio'qibbo'lgandanso’ng
Aligned materials
Student materials (texts, activities, manipulatives, homework, etc.) that reinforce classroom instruction of specific skills in reading.
Tarkiblanganmateriallar
Alliteration
The repetition of the initial phoneme of each word in connected text (e.g., Harry the happy hippo hula-hoops with Henrietta).
Alliteratsiya
Alphabetic principle
The understanding that spoken words are made up of sounds that can be represented by letters in print.
Alifboqoidasi
Background knowledge
Forming connections between the text and the information and experiences of the reader.
Umumiyma'lumot
Base words
Base words are words from which many other words are formed. For example, many words can be formed from the base word migrate: migration, migrant, immigration, immigrant, migrating, migratory. Also called a free morpheme.
Asosiyso'zlar
Before reading comprehension strategies
Strategies employed to emphasize the importance of preparing students to read text (e.g., activate prior knowledge, set a purpose for reading).
Tushunishstrategiyasinio'qishdanoldin
Bilingual education
An educational program in which two languages are used to provide content matter instruction. Bilingual education programs vary in their length of time, and in the amount each language is used.
Ikkitillita'lim
Comprehension
Understanding what one is reading, the ultimate goal of all reading activity.
Tushunish
English language learner (ELL)
English language learners are students whose first language is not English and who are in the process of learning English. Defined by the U.S. Department of Education as national-origin-minority students who are limited-English-proficient. Often abbreviated as ELLs.
Ingliztilinio'rganuvchi
ESL
ESL is the common acronym for English as a Second Language, an educational approach in which English language learners are instructed in the use of the English language.
Ingliztiliniikkinchitilsifatidao’rganuvchi
Indirect vocabulary learning
Indirect vocabulary learning refers to students learning the meaning of words indirectly when they hear or see the words used in many different contexts – for example, through conversations with adults, through being read to, and through reading extensively on their own.
Bilvositaso'zbirikmalarinio'rganish
Learning communities
A group in which educators commit to ongoing learning experiences with a deliberate intent to transform teaching and learning at their school or within their district.
O'rganishjamiyati
Learning disability (LD)
A learning disability is a disorder that affects people's ability to either interpret what they see and hear or to link information from different parts of the brain. It may also be referred to as a learning disorder or a learning difference.
O’qishgaqobiliyatsizlik
Rewriting
A part of writing and preparing presentations that involves largely or wholly replacing a previous, unsatisfactory effort with a new effort, better aligned to task, purpose, and audience, on the same or a similar topic or theme; compared to revising, a larger-scale activity more akin to replacement than refinement; see also editing, revising.
Qaytayozish
Useful words
Words that might be unknown to the student, but critical to passage understanding and words that students are likely to encounter in the future.
Foydaliso'zlar