The love of wisdom

Famous For: orientation of character
As a humanistic philosopher, Erich Fromm has been linked to the school of critical theory. Some of his exemplary ideas include “being and having modes of existence.” Escape from Freedom is one of Fromm’s books which tries to explaing man’s changing view of freedom.

Niccolò Machiavelli (1469-1527) Famous For: Machiavellianism & The Prince Italian Renaissance philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli is considered the founder of political science and an expert in political ethics. His main cointributions include political philosophy and realism. His book, The Prince has been viewed as a masterpiece that deals with political philosophy.	John Calvin (1509-1564) Famous For: Calvinism & Doctine of Predestination Calvin developed a point of reference in Christianity the has been known as Calvinism. His attempt to explain the “doctrine of predestination” as it pertains to God and salvation continues to be debated to this day. The Congregational, Presbyterian, and Reformed church base their tenets on the teaching of John Calvin.
Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855) Famous For: father of existentialism The philosophy of religion and the idea of existentialism are two schools of thought that has been linked to Kierkegaard. Most of his ideas revolve on the issue on how a person lives as an individual.	Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) Famous For: War and Peace and Anna Karenina As a social reformer and moral thinker, Leo Tolstoy is known for his novels, War and Peace and Anna Karenina. He helped shape the idea of Christian anarchist thinking and even pushed the idea of anarcho pacifism.
Parmenides (c. 515-450 BC)