The importance and role of transport in export and import

THE IMPORTANCE AND ROLE OF TRANSPORT IN EXPORT AND IMPORT.
Abdugofurov Shohjaxon Muhammadqobul o’g’li
Andijan State University Faculty of Natural Sciences
Arabboyev Asliddin Rafiqjon o'g'li
Andijan State University Faculty of Natural Sciences.
Annotation: This article describes in detail the importance of trade relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan with foreign countries, ie the importance of the transport sector in exports and imports, its advantages.
Keywords: export, import, transport, railway, foreign trade, CIS.
It is known that one of the key roles in the development of any country is the transport sector. The Republic of Uzbekistan is one of the countries with good transport access. It has modes of transport such as water (river), air, pipeline, land (road transport, rail). It plays an important role in the development of cultural ties between countries. For the development of interstate foreign trade, mainly transport and rail services are effective.
This is due to the fact that if the distance between the countries is close, it is better to use road transport, and if the distance is longer, it is better to use rail transport.
According to the results of 2020, the foreign trade turnover of the Republic of Uzbekistan amounted to 36299.3 million US dollars, which is 5451.7 million US dollars more than in 2019 (ie 41751.0 million US dollars in 2019). or decreased by 13.1% and foreign trade turnover with CIS countries decreased by 2%.
Export. At the end of 2020, the number of exporters of Uzbekistan amounted to 6,109, which exported goods and products worth $ 9,323.3 million. This figure is 25.7% lower than in 2019. In December 2020 alone, exports amounted to 930.4 million US dollars, which is 673.5 million US dollars less than in December 2019.
Import. In 2020, the volume of imports amounted to 21,171.5 million US dollars, which is 87.2% more than in 2019. The most imported goods are transport equipment (37.6%), industrial goods - 16.9%, chemicals and similar products - 13.7%.
According to statistics, by 2019, Uzbekistan's foreign trade with CIS countries will be much higher than in previous years.
One of the main reasons for this is the improvement of the transport system and the percentage of foreign trade with other countries. , Tajikistan with 5.3%, Turkmenistan with 2.3%, Ukraine with 1.9% and the lowest exports were Belarus with 0.8%, Azerbaijan with 0.8% and Moldova with 0.1%.Uzbekistan not only exports goods and products, but also imports the necessary products from other foreign countries, and the percentage of imports with the CIS countries is expressed below. Russia imports 50.3%, Kazakhstan 23.6%, Turkmenistan 5.0%, Belarus 3.5%, Ukraine 3.2%, Tajikistan 1.9%, Kyrgyzstan 1, 8%, Azerbaijan imports 0.3%.
Most of these export and import products were made by the following means of transportation.
Pipeline transport. $ 650.6 million.
Air transportb. $ 527.1 million.
Rail transport. $ 511.0 million.
Road transport. $ 23.2 million. As the share of modes of transport.
Everyone has such favorable economic and social opportunities in Uzbekistan
In the densely populated adjacent areas (Fergana Valley, Zarafshan, Lower Amudarya, Surkhandarya region) are now many inter-republican regional production complexes of various specialties, from joint ventures.
provides ample opportunities for the establishment of free economic zones.
Transboundary rivers in Central Asia and the solution of road problems will further facilitate the micro-geographical location of the republic.
For a short historical period, Uzbekistan has been an international trade and economic entityhas gradually and successfully achieved the solution of complex tasks such as entering into relations, improving the structure of the national economy, developing industry, ensuring food, energy and transport security of the country.
Significant results have also been achieved in the development of the transport system. The most important of these is one of the republic's railway transport systemsintegrity has been achieved. The territory of Uzbekistan stretches for hundreds of kilometers from northwest to southeast, and the state borders are characterized by mountain ranges and wide ridges.given that it passes through deserts, this issue is a topical strategic one We're sure it's important.
Extensive work in the transport system is an integral part of efforts to further develop the country's foreign economic relations. 140 of the world establishing foreign economic relations with neighboring countries One of the most important trade partners of the Republic of Uzbekistan
These include the Russian Federation, China, Kazakhstan, the Republic of Korea, Turkey and European countries. The development of the transport system will allow expanding the foreign economic activity of the republic in new geographical directions.
In recent years, a number of new transport routes have been built in the country at the initiative of the Government of the Republic in order to increase the industrial production and export potential of the regions, to attract more foreign investment to our national economy.
Neighboring countries are the Russian Federation,
Compared to Afghanistan, Iran and the Caucasus, Uzbekistan's meso-economic geographical position (relative to the neighboring regions) is characterized by moderate convenience.
The reason for such an assessment of the economic geographical position of Uzbekistan in the Meso is, on the one hand, with the republics of the Caucasus, especially the Russian Federation, mainly effectively connected by modern means of transport and it has traditionally maintained close multilateral relations with these countries. Export-import relations between the countries of the world
Russia is the leader in terms of size is a proof. On the other hand, it is located in the south and in Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, which belong to the group of countries of the meso-economic geographical group, have been with our republic throughout the past historical periods. Although there has been a wide range of social contacts, there is now a technical and political framework for such contacts difficulties are hindering.
Interstate economic and social relations are more effective in order to produce results, it is necessary to connect with more distant countries of the world, in other words, macro-spaces. But in terms of economic ties with the rest of the world, it's on the mainland countries have a number of disadvantages to coastal states. Encounters layers. For Uzbekistan to access the nearby seas macroeconomic because it is one of the few countries in the world that has to cross the territory of at least two countries geographical location (relative to the rest of the world). During the years of independence, Uzbekistan has been recognized by the world in various directionsactive participation in international road projects connecting the ocean makes this situation a little easier.
Conclusion. From this article it can be concluded that the whole sector, whether social or economic, can not be imagined without transport, because the main highway connecting the state with other countries is transport, and its development will ensure significant economic growth of the state.
REFERENCES
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2. " Узбекистон Миллий Енциклопедяси" Давлат илмий нашриёти. Тошкент. 2000.