25 In Luke 10:21–22 this saying begins with “In that same hour,” which
links it with the return of the missionaries and their rejoicing that their
names are written in heaven. Matthew does not make that connection, and
so instead here “At that time” links the following declaration with the
unresponsiveness of the people of Galilee, who exemplify the “wise and
intelligent” from whom the truth is hidden. The very unspecific term “these
things” must be understood in context of the whole revelatory process of
Jesus’ ministry, both the truths he has taught and the truth about who he
himself is. The division in response to Jesus’ message is here unambiguously
traced to the will of God himself (see also the following verse); it is a matter
of revelation to some and not to others, as 13:11–17 will more fully spell out.
The basis of this division is not an arbitrary selection, but the fundamental
principle of divine revelation, that it comes to those who are open to it, but
finds no response with those who think they know better; with the “wise and
intelligent” it is wasted like seed sown beside the path (13:4, 19). To describe
this effect as God’s actively “hiding” the truth reflects the Jewish tendency
to ignore intermediate causes and to attribute the end result directly to the
divine purpose; we shall have more to say on this in relation to 13:11–17. If
God is indeed “Lord of heaven and earth,” a form of address unique in the
NT (though cf. Acts 4:24; Rev 10:6; 14:7) but typical of Jewish prayer,¹⁸ it is
understood that what happens on earth, even in the minds of the human
beings he has created, comes under his sovereign will.
The strongly Hebraic tone of the prayer is seen also in the word for “praise,”
exhomologeomai, which occurs in only one other place in Matthew, where it
means “confess” (3:6). Its use here reflects LXX usage, where the verb not only
means “confess,” “acknowledge,” but also regularly translates the hiphil of the
Hebrew yādaʿ, meaning to “make known,” “declare” the works of God, and
hence to “praise” him.¹ But while the tone of the prayer is thus familiarly
Jewish, the address to God simply as “Father” breaks new ground. The imagery
of God as Father of his people is not new, but while Jewish prayers might
occasionally refer to God as “our Father,” as Jesus taught his own disciples to do
(6:9), for an individual to address God simply as “Father” (presumably in the
Aramaic form Abba, Mark 14:36) is, as far as extant records go,
unprecedented.² The familial tone of the simple “Father” in combination with
the reverential “Lord of heaven and earth” provides a telling insight into the
nature of prayer for Jesus.
“Wise” and “intelligent” are not in themselves pejorative terms. Indeed Jesus
will speak in 23:34 of sending “prophets, wise people and scribes” as his
messengers to an unresponsive Israel. But the wisdom which he has just
celebrated in 11:19 and whose tones he will adopt in this pericope is not that of
human cleverness but of divine revelation. Even the best of human insight which
relies only on its own resources cannot penetrate the divine wisdom; it is
“hidden” from it. By contrast, “little children,” precisely because they do not
rely on their own resources, are open to receive the revelation; cf. the OT theme
of wisdom given to the “simple” (Ps 19:7; 119:130 [in both of which LXX uses
nēpios]; Prov 1:4 etc.). Nēpios, an “infant,” even a “babe in arms,” is a familar
NT image for the immature who remain dependent on others (Rom 2:20; 1 Cor
13:11; Eph 4:14); it is the opposite end of the human value-scale from the
mature, self-confident adult. The unresponsive world may despise the humble
disciple, but in the matter of divine wisdom as in so many aspects of the
kingdom of heaven the first will be last and the last first; for a similar contrast,
again using nēpios, see 21:15–16. We have already met in 10:42 the Matthean
motif of Jesus’ true disciples as the “little ones,” and the theme will be resumed
more forcefully in 18:6–14 as well as in the “least of these brothers of mine” in
25:40, 45.
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