xii
Glossary
imam
a) the
supreme head of the Muslims, particularly
used in this sense by the Shi‘ites b) a prayer
leader in a mosque c) an
honorific title applied to
a religious scholar
jizya
a tax, in the classical system a poll tax (tax on
individual persons)
jund
‘army’; a military district
khalifa
‘deputy’;
the caliph
kharaj
a tax, in the classical system a land tax
khutba
a speech; in the early period any speech of
importance delivered
by a figure of authority,
especially the caliph or governor; eventually
developing into the
sermon delivered at the mid-
day prayer service in the mosque on Fridays
majus
‘Magian’; in the strict sense Zoroastrians but used
more widely for followers
of religions other than
Judaism or Christianity to whom the Muslims
wished to grant some toleration
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