The essence and content of the term philosophy

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   What is society. The reasons for its origin. Jamiyat deganda jamiyat yoki uyushgan guruhda bir-biri bilan yashovchi va o‘zaro munosabatda bo‘lgan shaxslar guruhi tushuniladi. Jamiyatning paydo bo'lishi murakkab mavzu bo'lib, uning rivojlanishiga oid turli nazariyalar va istiqbollar mavjud. Jamiyatlarning paydo bo'lishining keng tarqalgan sabablaridan biri bu oziq-ovqat, boshpana va xavfsizlik kabi asosiy ehtiyojlarni qondirish uchun odamlarning birgalikda ishlashi zarurati. Boshqalar esa jamiyatlar umumiy madaniyat yoki mafkura natijasida paydo bo'lgan, deb ta'kidlaydilar. Ba'zilar, shuningdek, jamiyatlar oilaviy munosabatlarga va odamlarning omon qolish uchun birgalikda guruhlanishiga bo'lgan ehtiyojdan kelib chiqishi mumkinligini ta'kidlaydilar. Umuman olganda, jamiyatning kelib chiqishi munozarali va murakkab, uning rivojlanishiga ko'plab omillar yordam beradi.( Society refers to a group of individuals living and interacting with one another in a community or organized group. The origin of society is a complex topic and there are various theories and perspectives regarding its development. One commonly cited reason for the emergence of societies is the need for humans to work together in order to meet basic needs such as food, shelter and security. Others argue that societies emerged as a result of a shared culture or ideology. Some also suggest that societies can be traced back to familial relationships and the need for individuals to group together for survival. Overall, the origin of society is debated and complex, with multiple factors contributing to its development.)
   
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   Different aspects of the main currents in Islam. Islom murakkab va xilma-xil din boʻlib, turli taʼlim va oqimlarga ega. Islomdagi asosiy oqimlardan ba'zilari:(1) Sunniylik Islom: Bu islomning eng katta mazhabi bo'lib, dunyo musulmon aholisining taxminan 85-90 foizini tashkil qiladi. Sunniy musulmonlar Qur'on va Hadisga (Payg'ambarning so'zlari va xatti-harakatlariga) qattiq urg'u berib, Muhammad payg'ambar va ilk islom jamoasining ta'limotlari va amaliyotlariga amal qiladilar.(2) Shia Islomi: Bu islomning ikkinchi yirik mazhabi bo'lib, dunyo musulmon aholisining taxminan 10-15 foizini tashkil qiladi. Shia musulmonlari Muhammad payg‘ambarning amakivachchasi va kuyovi Ali Abu Bakr emas, balki uning o‘rniga o‘rinbosar bo‘lishi kerak edi, deb hisoblaydi va imomlar (din peshvolari) roliga ko‘proq urg‘u beradi.(3) Tasavvuf: Bu islomning tasavvufiy tarmogʻi boʻlib, eʼtiqodning ichki ruhiy jihatiga urgʻu beradi. So'fiylar meditatsiya, musiqa va raqs kabi ruhiy amaliyotlar orqali Alloh bilan bog'lanishga intiladilar.(4) Vahhobiylik: Bu sunniy islomning konservativ tarmog‘i bo‘lib, 18-asrda Saudiya Arabistonida paydo bo‘lgan. Vahhobiylar islomning qat'iy talqiniga ishonadilar va ko'plab an'anaviy musulmon urf-odatlari va urf-odatlarini rad etadilar.(5) Salafiylik: Bu sunniy islom ichida soʻnggi paytlarda paydo boʻlgan harakat boʻlib, ilk islom jamoasining amaliyotlari va eʼtiqodlariga qaytishga intiladi. Salafiylar Qur'on va Hadisning so'zma-so'z talqinini yoqlab, asrlar davomida musulmon jamiyatlarida paydo bo'lgan ko'plab yangiliklarni rad etadilar.(6) Modernistik Islom: Bu 19-20-asrlarda Gʻarb mustamlakachiligi va zamonaviylik muammolariga javoban paydo boʻlgan harakatdir. Modernist musulmonlar islom ta’limotlarini zamonaviy intellektual va ijtimoiy o‘zgarishlarni hisobga olgan holda qayta talqin qilishga intilishadi.Bular Islomdagi turli oqimlarning bir nechta misollari bo'lib, har bir tarmoq va mazhabda juda ko'p xilma-xillik mavjud.( Islam is a complex and diverse religion with many different branches and schools of thought. Some of the main currents in Islam include:(1) Sunni Islam: This is the largest denomination of Islam, representing about 85-90% of the world's Muslim population. Sunni Muslims follow the teachings and practices of the Prophet Muhammad and the early Islamic community, placing a strong emphasis on the Qur'an and the Hadith (sayings and actions of the Prophet).(2) Shia Islam: This is the second-largest denomination of Islam, representing about 10-15% of the world's Muslim population. Shia Muslims believe that the Prophet Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, Ali, should have been his successor rather than Abu Bakr, and place a greater emphasis on the role of the imams (religious leaders).(3) Sufism: This is a mystical branch of Islam that emphasizes the inner spiritual dimension of the faith. Sufis seek to connect with Allah through spiritual practices such as meditation, music, and dance.(4) Wahhabism: This is a conservative branch of Sunni Islam that originated in Saudi Arabia in the 18th century. Wahhabis believe in a strict interpretation of Islam and reject many traditional Muslim practices and customs.(5) Salafism: This is a more recent movement within Sunni Islam that seeks to return to the practices and beliefs of the early Islamic community. Salafis advocate a literal interpretation of the Qur'an and the Hadith, and reject many innovations that have emerged in Muslim societies over the centuries.(6) Modernist Islam: This is a movement that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries in response to Western colonialism and the challenges of modernity. Modernist Muslims seek to reinterpret Islamic teachings in light of modern intellectual and social developments.These are just a few examples of the different currents in Islam, and there is much diversity within each branch and school of thought.)
   
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