The English Language

Olimpiya o'yinlari Olympic Games
Dunyoning eng yirik xalqaro sport o'yinlari Olimpiya o'yinlari sifatida tanilgan. Olimpiya g'oyasi dunyodagi odamlar o'rtasidagi do'stlik, qarindoshlik va hamkorlikni anglatadi. Olimpiya harakati sport bilan haqiqiy tinchlikka erishish mumkinligini isbotlaydi. Olimpiya emblemasi beshta bog'liqlik: ko'k, sariq, qora, yashil va qizil. Har qanday milliy bayroq bu ranglardan kamida bittasini o'z ichiga oladi. Olimpiya o'yinlari qadimgi Yunonistonda 776 yilda boshlangan. Ushbu o'yinlar Olimpiada deb atalgan Zevs sharafiga har to'rtinchi yilda o'tkaziladigan festivalning bir qismi edi. Bu katta sport bayrami, shu jumladan, kurash, poyabzal va aravalar poygasi, yugurish va boshqalar. O'yinlar faqat erkaklar uchun edi. Yunon ayollariga nafaqat ishtirok etish, balki Olimpiya o'yinlarini tomosha qilish ham taqiqlangan. Birinchi zamonaviy Olimpiya o'yinlari 1896 yilda Afinada bo'lib o'tdi. Ikkinchi jahon urushidan so'ng Londonda qayta tiklandi. O'shandan beri Olimpiada har to'rt yilda bir marta turli mamlakatlarda o'tkaziladi. Qadimgi yunonlar hech qish sporti yo'q edi. Faqat 1924 yilda Frantsiyada birinchi Qishki Olimpiya o'yinlari bo'lib o'tdi, endi ular muntazam ravishda o'tkazilmoqda.

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    The History of the Olympic Games
    

Long ago ancient Greeks often waged wars. Small states suffered and lost much even if they did not take any side and stayed out of wars. The ruler of such a small state, Elis, wanted to live in peace with all neighbours. He was a good diplomat because his negotiations were successful and Elis was recognized a neutral state. To celebrate this achievement, he organized athletic games. In the beginning this feast lasted one day, but later a whole month was devoted to it. All wars and feuds were stopped by special heralds who rode in all directions of Greece. The games were held every four years in Olympia on the territory of Elis. The first games which later were called the Olympic Games were held about a thousand years before our era. Usually the Olympic Games began before the middle of the summer. Best athletes arrived from many Greek states to Olympia to compete in running, long jumps, throwing of discus and javelin and wrestling. In the course of time fist fighting (boxing) and chariot races were also included in the Games. All athletes took an oath that they had been preparing, well for the Games and promised to compete honestly and keep the rules of the sacred Olympics. The athletes took part in all kinds of competitions. Winners were called "olympionics", they were awarded olive wreaths and cups of olive oil. This tradition has survived. In our time sportsmen often get cups and wreaths for winning the first place in sports competitions. The olympionics of ancient Greece became very popular. Best craftsmen were chosen to make honourary cups, many poets wrote and recited in public poems about the best athletes. Sculptors made their statues which were put up at the birthplace of the winners. The Olympic Games were accompanied by arts festivals. Poets recited their poems, singers sang hymns, dancers danced and orators pronounced speeches:— all this in honour of the sacred Games. Only men could take part in the Olympic Games. Women were not allowed even to watch the competitions at the stadium under the fear of death penalty. There was a single exception, when a woman coached her son and accompanied him to the stadium in men's clothes. That brave woman was spared the penalty because her son excelled in many events. Magnificent strong bodies inspired artists and sculptors. They painted wall pictures and made statues of marble and bronze, so now we can admire the corporal beauty of ancient and eternally young discus thrower, javelin bearer and others. The Olympic Games had been held for about eleven hundred years, until the emperor Theodosius banned them for religious reasons in 394 A. D. The revival of the Olympic Games began long time afterwards, in 1892, when a young French teacher Pierre de Couberti made a public speech before the Union of French sports clubs in Paris. At that time many people in many countries practiced various kinds of sports and games. They wanted to make friends and compete with sportsmen from other lands. Pierre de Coubertin understood the importance of sports which unified peoples of the world and served the cause of peace like in ancient time. 8-1639 On the 23rd of June 1894 the International Congress of amateur sportsmen made an important decision: to revive the Olympic Games and to establish the International Olympic Committee which would be responsible for the administration of the modern Olympic Games. The first Committee consisted of 12 members. Now 82 members of the International Olympic Committee control the affairs of all member countries which joined the Olympic movement. The History of the Olympic Games Olimpiya o'yinlari tarixi
Ko'p o'tmishda qadimgi yunonlar ko'pincha urushlarni boshlashdi. Kichkina davlatlar hech qanday tomonni olmagan va urushlardan qochgan taqdirda ham juda ko'p azob chekishdi. Bunday kichik davlatning hokimi Alis barcha qo'shnilar bilan tinchlikda yashashni xohladi. U yaxshi diplomat edi, chunki uning muzokaralari muvaffaqiyatli o'tdi va Elis betaraf davlat deb topildi. Ushbu yutuqni nishonlash uchun u sport o'yinlarini tashkil qildi. Dastlab bu bayram bir kun davom etdi, biroq keyinchalik butun bir oy unga bag'ishlandi. Barcha urushlar va feodallar Yunonistonning barcha yo'nalishlariga kirib kelgan maxsus to'plovchilar tomonidan to'xtatildi. O'yinlar har to'rt yilda Olis hududida bo'lib o'tdi. Keyinchalik Olimpiya o'yinlari deb nomlangan dastlabki o'yinlar bizning davrimizdan taxminan ming yil oldin o'tdi. Odatda Olimpiya o'yinlari yoz o'rtalaridan boshlandi. Eng yaxshi atletlar Olimpiyada ko'plab yunonistonlik davlatlardan yugurish, uzun jumping, diskus va javelin tashlash va kurashda ishtirok etish uchun keldi. Vaqt o'tishi bilan o'yinlar uchun mushtlashish (boks) va aravalar poygalari ham kiritilgan. Barcha sportchilar o'zlari tayyorlagan qasamyodga erishishdi, o'yinlar uchun yaxshi va muqaddas Olimpiada qoidalariga rioya etib, raqobatlashishga va'da berishdi. Sportchilar har qanday musobaqalarda ishtirok etishdi. G'oliblarga "olimpiya" nomi berildi, ular zaytun gulchambarlar va zaytun moyi bilan taqdirlandi. Bu an'ana tirik qoldi. Bugungi kunda sportchilarimiz sport musobaqalarida birinchi o'rinni egallash uchun stakan va gulchambarlar oladilar. Qadimiy Yunoniston olimpiadasi juda mashhur bo'ldi. Eng yaxshi hunarmandlar sharafli kuboklar yaratish uchun tanlangan, ko'plab shoirlar eng yaxshi sportchilar haqida jamoat she'rlarida yozgan va o'qigan. Haykaltaroshlar o'zlarining haykallarini g'oliblarning tug'ilgan joyiga tashladilar. Olimpiya o'yinlariga san'at festivali hamroh bo'ldi. Shoirlar she'rlarini o'qidilar, qo'shiqchilar qo'shiq kuylashdi, raqqoslar raqsga tushishdi va nutq so'zlaganlar: - Bularning hammasi muqaddas o'yin sharafiga bag'ishlangan. Olimpiya o'yinlarida faqat erkaklar ishtirok etishlari mumkin edi. Hatto o'lim jazosi qo'rqib, stadiondagi musobaqalarga ayollarga ham ruxsat berilmadi. Bir ayolning o'g'lini boshqarayotgani va uni erkaklar kiyimidagi stadionga olib borishi bilan bitta istisno bor edi. Bu jasur ayol jazoni bekor qilgandi, chunki o'g'lining aksariyati tadbirlarda g'olib chiqdi. Mo''jizaviy kuchli jismlar rassom va haykaltaroshlarni ilhomlantirdi. Ular devor rasmlarini bo'yashdi va marmar va bronza haykallar yasashdi, shuning uchun biz qadimiy va abadiy yosh disklar tashuvchi, javelin va boshqalarning jozibali go'zalligini hayratga solamiz. Olimpiya o'yinlari taxminan o'n bir yuz yil davomida imperator Theodosius diniy sabablarga ko'ra taqiqlanganiga qadar o'n bir yuz yil davomida o'tkazilgan edi. Olimpiya o'yinlarining tiklanishi uzoq vaqtdan keyin boshlandi, 1892 yilda, yosh frantsuz tili o'qituvchisi Pyer de Kuberti nutq so'zladi Parijdagi frantsuz sport klublari ittifoqi oldida. O'sha davrda ko'plab mamlakatlarda ko'plab odamlar turli xil sport va o'yinlar bilan shug'ullanishgan. Boshqa mamlakatlardagi sportchilar bilan do'stlashish va raqobatlashmoqchi edilar. Pierre de Coubertin dunyo xalqlarini birlashtirgan va qadim zamonlarda bo'lgani kabi tinchlik uchun xizmat qilgan sportning ahamiyatini tushundilar. 8-1639 2394 yil 23 iyun kuni havaskor sportchilarning Xalqaro Kongressi Olimpiya o'yinlarini jonlantirish va zamonaviy Olimpiya o'yinlarini boshqarish uchun javobgar bo'ladigan Xalqaro Olimpiya Qo'mitasini tashkil etish to'g'risida muhim qaror qabul qildi. Birinchi qo'mita 12 a'zodan iborat edi. Xalqaro Olimpiya qo'mitasining 82 a'zosi Olimpiya harakatiga qo'shilgan barcha a'zo davlatlarning ishlarini nazorat qilmoqda.

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