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Magazines
Magazine is one of the major mass media. Magazine is a collection of articles and stories. Usually magazines also contain illustrations. The earliest magazines developed from newspapers and bookseller’s catalogs. Such catalogs first appeared during the1600's in France. In the 1700's pamphlets published at regular intervals appeared in England and America. They were literary publications. One of the first British magazines "The Gentleman's Magazine" was published from 1731 to 1914. The first American magazine was called the "American Magazine", or "A Monthly View". Magazines provide information on a wide range of topics such as business, culture, hobbies, medicine, religion, science, and sports. Some magazines entertain their readers with fiction, poetry, photography or articles about TV, or movie stars. Magazines are designed to be kept for a longer time in comparison to newspapers and that is why they are printed on a better paper and have covers. Magayines, unlike newspapers, do not focus on daily, rapidly changing events. There are specialized magazines intended for special business, industrial and professional groups, and consumer magazines intended for general public. There are several kinds of consumer magazines. Children's magazines contain stories, jokes, articles on subjects especially interesting for children and instructions for making games or useful items. Hobby magazines are intended for collectors of coins, stamps, and other items; people interested in certain sports or games; photography enthusiasts. Intellectual magazines provide analysis of current cultural and political events. Many of them publish fiction and poetry as well. Men's magazines focus on such topics as adventure, entertainment, men's fashion and sports. Women's magazines deal with child-raising, fashion trends, romance. They offer ideas on cooking and home decorating. Many of the monthlies with big circulations are women's magazines.
11. Magazines . Jurnallar
Jurnal yirik ommaviy axborot vositalaridan biridir. Jurnal - bu maqolalar va hikoyalar to'plami. Odatda jurnallarda tasvirlar mavjud. Eng dastlabki gazetalar gazetalar va kitob sotuvchilarining kataloglaridan ishlab chiqilgan. Bunday kataloglar birinchi marta 1600 yillarda Fransiyada paydo bo'lgan. Angliya va Amerikada muntazam chop etilgan 1700-yillarning broshyuralari paydo bo'ldi. Ular adabiy adabiyotlar edi. "The Gentleman's Magazine" birinchi ingliz jurnallaridan biri 1731 yildan 1914 yilgacha nashr etilgan. Amerikadagi birinchi jurnal "Amerika jurnali" yoki "Oylik ko'rinish" deb nomlangan. Jurnallar biznes, madaniyat, sevimli mashg'ulotlar, tibbiyot, din, fan va sport kabi ko'plab mavzular bo'yicha ma'lumot beradi. Ba'zi jurnallar o'quvchilariga fantastika, she'riyat, fotografiya yoki televidenie, kino yulduzlari haqida maqolalar yozib turadi. Jurnallar gazetalarga nisbatan ancha vaqtgacha saqlanishi uchun mo'ljallangan, shuning uchun ular yaxshi qog'ozga bosilib, qovoqlari bor. Magazinlar gazetalardan farqli o'laroq kunlik, tez o'zgaruvchan voqealarga e'tibor bermaydilar. Xususiy biznes, sanoat va professional guruhlar, shuningdek, jamoatchilik uchun mo'ljallangan iste'mol jurnallari uchun maxsus jurnallar mavjud. Bir nechta iste'molchi jurnallari mavjud. Bolalar jurnallarida hikoyalar, zargaralar, bolalar uchun qiziqarli mavzular va maqolalar va foydali narsalarni tayyorlash bo'yicha ko'rsatmalar mavjud. Xobbi jurnallari tangalar, shtamplar va boshqa narsalarni yig'uvchilar uchun mo'ljallangan; muayyan sport va o'yinlarga qiziqqan shaxslar; fotografiya ixlosmandlari. Intellektual jurnallar hozirgi madaniy va siyosiy voqealarni tahlil qilishni ta'minlaydi. Ularning aksariyati ham fantastik, ham she'riy nashr etmoqda. Erkaklar jurnallari sarguzasht, o'yin-kulgi, erkaklar modasi va sport kabi mavzularga e'tibor qaratmoqda. Ayollar jurnallari bolalarni tarbiyalash, moda yo'nalishlari, romantika bilan shug'ullanadi. Ular ovqat tayyorlash va uy bezashni taklif qilishadi. Ayollarning katta qismlari ayollar jurnallaridan iborat.
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