The economical cooperation of bpsr with the usa

The economical cooperation of BPSR with the USA.

Turdali Nuridinov Kokand State Pedagogical Institute the minor teacher of the methods of history.

As a result of Uzbekistan’s independence, our republic became a full-fledged subject of international relations. The process has become one of the topical issues of scientific coverage of the Soviet Union not only in Uzbekistan but also in it’s territories the gradual and systematic reforms being undertaken in Uzbekistan today, especially the major changes in foreign policy, make it necessary to study the history of international relations on a scientific basis. The history of the Bukhara People Soviet Republic (after that BPSR) which existed in 1920-1924, was not studied during the Soviet period. Although the BPSR existed for a historically short period of time, it has pursued a very active foreign policy. The purpose of the USSR government`s political, economic cultural scientific and technical cooperation with foreign countries was provide free liven for the people, economic freedom and the development of civilization that has been by conquered the emirate for centuries¹ (1) (on July 8 1922 № 89 num).Although the foreign policy of the USSR was carried out under agreements with the Soviet government, Bukhara sought to establish broad cooperation with the Soviet republics Afghanistan, Turkey and the developed countries of the West. Although Soviet domination of the USSR was dominated by domestic and foreign capital first and foremost, German capital, for the Bukhara national economy, which had rich raw materials was raised in 1921. One of the most important condition for the establishment of a modern national economy in Bukhara was the introduction of advanced agricultural machinery and the establishment of the raw materials processing industry. Prior to World War I, the emirate of Bukhara introduced its valuable raw materials as Karakul leather, shrimp root and other products to European markets, mainly Germany. When the Bolsheviks came to power in Russia in 1917², the situation changed dramatically on the socio-political and economic situation in Bukhara. As a result of the Russian civil war, Bukhara for some time lost market for its raw materials, industrial products and fuel. When the emirate was abolished in Bukhara in 1920, the new government which had come to power had to set up a farm on a new basis. The government of BPSR has done a great deal of cooperation with western European countries and the United States to achieve trading its goods.³In this regard the Caucasus region has served as a bridge to the BPSR to the Western European and USA markets. On December 15 1921 it was decided to open the offices of the Bukhara Foreign Trade Department in Baku, Batumi and Tbilisi.

It is known that as a result of the transition to the new economic policy of RSFSR economy from spring 1921, economic restrictions were abolished and foreign firms and foreign capital was prohibited. Under the circumstances the government of the USSR has undertaken economic and technical cooperation with Western Europe and the United States through its trade units established within the farmer Soviet republics, primarily the Caucasus Federation, which here established economic relations with the RSFR and world trade centers. The Tbilisi brand of the USSR Trade Representative Office operated from November 4, 1922 to September 7 1923 the BPSR’s Caucasus Trade Representative considered the region the only way to enter the foreign market.

Sales offices in the Caucasus, Baku, Tbilisi and Batumi have established cooperation not only with public and private firms here, but also with Western European and USA firms with offices in the Caucasus. The sales office focuses on the supply of steam and electric vehicles to the Bukhara agriculture and the promotion of livestock products to foreign markets, not as raw materials. Concession plays an important role in the USA of Bukhara’s rich natural resources for advanced development.⁴(fund 47, list 1, case 52, page 38)

Commerce in the USSR has done some work in establishing trade and technical cooperation with industrialized countries of Western Europe and the United States.

In the beginning of 1923 the Trade Representative Office in the Caucasus of the USSR expanded its relations with trade and industrial approach of a number of countries in Western Europe England, Sweden, USA, Italy and France.

The cooperation of the BPSR’s Caucasus Trade Representative with USA trade and manufacturing agencies has been one of the most important areas despite the short duration. The PRC trade departments were also tasked with providing uniforms and red soldiers moving in Bukhara during this period. Economic cooperation Caucasian Trading Corporation. On October 22, 1922, his representatives appealed to the Commerce Department of USSR in Tbilisi to sell 2000 units of military uniforms for 9:20 the PRC. On October 26,1922, a representative of the company, Levinson, claimed that the 388 Vera boots could be sold for $ 4,5, and the calf called “It boshi” for $ 5,5 (found 53,list 1, case 26, page 65) the Corporation has also been able to supply the “Tretta” cotton ginnories, “Emerzon” tractors and other agricultural equipment needed for Bukhra`s national economy (found 53,list1, staff 24 ,page 67).

At the beginning of 1923 cooperation of the Caucasus trade department of the USSR with foreign countries expanded. On Jan 24. 1923, each penny of sweets cost 5rublis 50 rubles in Batumi and USA representative negotiated with the Rosgostorg leather trade the BPSR has also begun negotiations economy. (fund 1914, list 1 case 10 page 18.)

On February 9. 1923 “Rosgostorgis” Caucasus division and German trading firms argued to sell 500 000 rubles of black leather under the direct participation and control of Russian auctioneers in the United States.

In March 1923 the American firm” Albert Gershkovich and Son headquartered in New York Submitted a proposal for the purchase of karakul leather at the Bam branch of the PRS Trade office (On March 15, 1923) New York firm “Gershkorich and sons” could be the Bukhara karakul skin, while the USSR could earn 2000 rubles. Propose of the purchase of “karakul” sheep`s leather on March 19 ,1923 by the Trade Representative office of the USSR sent to from shoes. (fund 53, list 1, issue 5, page 125) On July 12. 1923 in Baku the representative of the firm K. An agreement was signed with Weisleyb on the sale of Bukhara Karakul shin. It will set a price of 4 pounds 45 piers per karakul skin and total of 17. 818 skins will be sold. Over this time, the BPSR was able to market its products with the permission of “Vneshtorg”. On August 29. 1923 the snow covered leather was sold to the USA market by the head of the active invade of Eliava, 14.000 liras and 300 cherronets will be taken out without paying customs duties, which is 10 rubles per pound .(fund 53,list 1, case 5, page 248) USA company should pay $ 8570 for karakul skins to 50% of Rosgosbank’s Tbilisi and Baku offices through a Dutch bank in Istanbul. The USA-based Caucasion Corporation, head quartered 14 New York with offices in Constantinopole and Batumi port within 60 days. On July 6 1923 the Chinese trade office of the USSR and Russian company. D.Soyfer mediated snowballing skin negotiation. Representative of Bukhara set a price of $ 3 for 10 cents, and the buyer puts the price at $2 for 60 cents. The foreign buyer offered to pay the payment in USA dollars and not in the Russian currency.

In August 1923 the deputy of the Bukhara Trade Representative appealed to Borinskiy, the head of the Rosgos bank’s Batumi branch to send a request to the Dutch bank in Constantinople for 8,570 chernorts, which was to paid to the Weyslib skin (case behind page 77). On August 10. 1923. The Chinese trade office sold 17,818 Karakul skins to the USA firm for 58,577 Turkish liras and the goods were shipped through the German Pontos parachute (stock 1914 list 1 item 10, page 45) .

Exports of BPSR’s across the Caucases USA the control of RSFSR by various stale and trade organizations has had a negative impact on trade relations with western Europe, including the United States the 8622 crore money that was payable to the USA firm by trade representative for the USA firm for the amount of 12, 33 karakul skins was to be transferred to the Batumi branch of the Russian Stale Bank. Apparently the cooperation of the Bukhara Trade Representative with foreign firms was governed by the People’s. Commissariat of Finance of the RSFSR (fund 1914, list 1, page 10) the peoples of Republic of China’s trade representation was dependent on the Soviet transport industry Soviet transport organizations prevent the shipment of Bukhara products abroad. In particular, 17,808 skins of leathers were to be sold by Bukhara Trade Representative to the USA Trade Union on July 23,1923 stopping at the “Dobrollot” Bake department for g months (stock 1914, list 13 page 63).Foreign organizations had to send money from Bukhara to the Russian Stale Bank the financial dependence of the BPSR Trade Representative Office has worsened the relationship between the parties. For example, on August 10, 1923 the BPSR’s trade Representative asked RSFSR State Bank to hand over 58,577 Turkish lira to be paid by August 31 to be paid for 17,818 Karakul leathers sold to a USA company.

Director of the “Albert Gershkovich and son” the message to Weasleib was that he failed to pay 30% of the contract signet on April 18 of this year, a fine of 15 000 Turkish Liras for the maintain once and shipment of karakul Skins required From BPSR`s Caucasus Trade office (fund 1914 list 1, case 13, page 17). N. Saidjonov appealed to the Caucasus representative of the RSFSR Foreign Trade Commission and asked Weisleyb to give 5 000 Turkish liras, to sell Karakul skins from Bukhara for 4 rubles, and to impose a fine of 10 000 Turkish liras on the USA firm (1914 fund, list 1, case 9) page 54 ) the firm of New York put for war its proposal to launch a fur trade in the USSR On August 30, 1923 the representative of Vneshtorg S.Shermazov Representative of Bake trade department of BPSR Weasleyb, USA citizen, was informed by the USA Embassy that he had applied to the BPSR to buy 10 pounds of good skins (fund 1914, list 1,case 11, behind page 62).

As a result of the strengthening of totalitarian style symbols in the USSR, the scope of foreign economic relation of the USSR with foreign countries, decreased the Soviet government, through its treaties with foreign countries, sough to end the USSR and the USSR with Afganistan on October 8, 1923 enacts measures to prevent the introduction of products manufactured in England an India on the Bukhara market.(1914 fund, list 1, page 503, page 20) As a result of this agreement, the process of termination of the BPSR’s economic cooperation not only with Afghanistan, but also through the Caucasus with Western European countries and the United States began. Despite pressure from the Soviet government in a relatively short period of time, the PRC trade organizations have done a great deal of economic cooperation with USA trade and manufacturing agencies. For the first time, the facts presented in the article are being introduced to science ,so it is natural to see flaws here, and you are sorry for that. Our main goal is to attract USA researchers to this issue and encourage them to cooperate. We hope that the scientific cooperation between the two countries will contribute to the further development of cooperation between our people and countries in various field and we hope that you will express your attitude to this matter. Sincerely yours, Turdali Nuriddinov.

1^ The report of Bukhara on July 8,1922 № 89

2^ The Centural State archives of Uzbekistan fund 47,list 1, case 525 , page 38

3^ The States archives of Uzbekistan fund 48 ,list 1, case 19, page 191

4^ The State archives of Uzbekistan found 1914, list 1, page 27