The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex


Part II and III: Sexual selection



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The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex - Wikipedia

Part II and III: Sexual selection



Darwin argued that the female 

peahen

 chose to

mate with the male 

peacock

 who she believed had

the most beautiful plumage


Part II of the book begins with a chapter

outlining the basic principles of sexual

selection, followed by a detailed review

of many different taxa of the kingdom

Animalia which surveys various classes

such as molluscs and crustaceans. The

tenth and eleventh chapters are both

devoted to insects, the latter specifically

focusing on the order Lepidoptera, the

butterflies and moths. The remainder of

the book shifts to the vertebrates,

beginning with cold blooded vertebrates

(fishes, amphibians and reptiles)

followed by four chapters on birds. Two

chapters on mammals precede those on

the most beautiful plumage.



humans. Darwin explained sexual

selection as a combination of "female

choosiness" and "direct competition

between males".

[31]

Darwin's theories of evolution by natural



selection were used to try to show

women's place in society was the result

of nature.

[32]


 One of the first women to

Antoinette Blackwell

, one of the first women to write

a critique of Darwin


critique Darwin, Antoinette Brown

Blackwell published The Sexes



Throughout Nature in 1875.

[33]


 She was

aware she would be considered

presumptuous for criticising evolutionary

theory but wrote that "disadvantages

under which we [women] are placed...will

never be lessened by waiting".

[34]

Blackwell's book answered Darwin and



Herbert Spencer, who she thought were

the two most influential living men.

[35]

She wrote of "defrauded womanhood"



and her fears that "the human race,

forever retarding its own

advancement...could not recognize and

promote a genuine, broad, and healthful

equilibrium of the sexes".

[36]



In the Descent of Man, Darwin wrote that

by choosing tools and weapons over the

years, "man has ultimately become

superior to woman",

[37]

 but Blackwell's



argument for women's equality went

largely ignored until the 1970s when

feminist scientists and historians began

to explore Darwin.

[38]

 As recently as



2004, Griet Vandermassen, aligned with

other Darwinian feminists of the 1990s

and early 2000s (decade), wrote that a

unifying theory of human nature should

include sexual selection.

[33]


 But then the

"opposite ongoing integration" was

promoted by another faction as an

alternative in 2007.

[39]

 Nonetheless,



Darwin's explanation of sexual selection


continues to receive support from both

social and biological scientists as "the

best explanation to date".

[40]



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