The connection of S. with other branches of S. 1

participial constructions

adverbs: next, soon, later, opposite

pronouns

lexico –semantic group of w-ds

Associative C. is peculiar to lit-re, is created by:

• 
  distant repetition
  
• 
  the use of parallelism
  
• 
  sustained (развернут.) metaphors
  

Integrity and completeness. Integrity comes from Lat. “integro”. It’s the process of interconnection and combining different parts of the text into a single flow.
The means to achieve I.:

• 
  the title, the beginning, the end
  
• 
  the attitude of the writer, his vision of the events and the world
  
• 
  tonality (звучaние) of the text
  
• 
  distant repetition (“Cat In the rain”: w-ds “rain”, “raining” are repeated)
  
• 
  sound repetition (in poetry).
  

Besides the features, mentioned, there are some, which create the c-ry of completeness:

• 
  the title, which delinates (очерчивает) the text and creates the dominant theme
  
• 
  the end of the text, which being a final fullstop reveals the author’s conception
  

Modality – relation of the utteranxe to reality.
Sharing J.Shvedova’s conception, Galperin distinguishes 2 types of M.:
1) objective
2) subjective
Subjective M conveys the attitude of the speaker/writer to what is said (lexiacal, phonetical, intonational, etc.). The subjective M of a text is created by the author’s attitude, reflected in:

• 
  ch-re drawing
  
• 
  portraiture
  
• 
  forgrounding some parts of the text and shadowing others
  
• 
  repetative use of some stylistic devices with the same connotative devices – motives and leitmotives.
  

Subjective M pervades the whole text, even factual inform-n greatly contributed to it. Subjective M is the result of accumulative s-ce M intergration of dif. parts of the way they are coupled.
Special means of creative;

• 
  epigramatic s-ce (крылатые), aphorisms
  
• 
  interjections, especially, when repeated
  
• 
  contrast (Turgenev’s “Mu-mu”)
  

Retrospection (flashback) – is the c-ry of the text, which comprises dif. l-ge elements, which refer (посылают) the reader to the previous inform-n.
2 types of R:
- when the writer alludes the already stated
- when the writer breakes off the nar-n (the linear ch-re of speech) and gives the inform-n
about the past. As a result – plot and time str-re.
L-ge signals of the author’s objective R may be provoked by the repetition of the same word or detail in dif. context.
Functions of R:

• 
  the inform-n given before is revaluated (переоцен.) in the new context
  
• 
  some events are stressed, others are shadowed and we better understand the text
  

Prospection – is a text c-ry, which comprises dif. l-ge elements to predict, what would happen further on. The realization results in creating anticipation. It allows to understand better, realize the interconnection of events and episodes. Knowing the future, the reader views the present events in a dif. light.