The coming up for air

The aim of the paper intends to know a critical discourse analysis of Orwell’s Coming up for air to highlight ploys of manipulation.
The actuality of the theme. The present work shows the analysis of the thesis in the book all represent different people, groups, or concepts that had an active part during the world war II.
The tasks of the work. We put following tasks forward:
-To reveal the context of production reflected at George Orwell’s novella.
-To describe the effects of management of the period in the roman.
-To give the opportunity to develop some creative writing.
The theoretical value of the work is to allow the opportunity to search, find, and use various sources in writing. Ideally, these sources will liven and strengthen the composition..
The practical value of the work. The information brought into forth in the work are very useful for students who study in English language and literature departments. Moreover, the analyses given in the work are practical for students and learners’ improvement of English.
The structure of the work. Hereby work consists of introduction, 2 main chapter with 2 parts, conclusion and the list of the used literature.

CHAPTER I. THE BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE NOVELLA: "COMING UP FOR AIR".
1.1. George Orwell's bibliography and his works in English literature. Coming Up for Air is the seventh book by English writer George Orwell, published in June 1939 by Victor Gollancz. It was written between 1938 and 1939 while Orwell spent time recuperating from illness in French Morocco, mainly in Marrakesh. He delivered the completed manuscript to Victor Gollancz upon his return to London in March 1939. The story follows George Bowling, a 45-year-old husband, father, and insurance salesman, who foresees World War II and attempts to recapture idyllic childhood innocence and escape his dreary life by returning to Lower Binfield, his birthplace. The novel is comical and pessimistic, with its views that speculative builders, commercialism, and capitalism are killing the best of rural England, and his country is facing thesinister appearance of new, external national threats.When He was a kid, Orwell lived in Shapake and Henley in the Them Thames Valley. His father,Richard Walmesley Blair, was a public official in British India and lived with his mother and two sisters a light life, although he spends a large part of the year in the Eastbourne boarding schoolband later in Eton in the UK. He especially enjoyed fishing and rabbit with a neighboring family. In 1937, Orwell spent a few months fighting in Spanish Civil War. He was injured in the neck in May 1937 in the neck injury from a fascist sniper in Huesca. Orwell was strictly sick in 1938 and recommended him to spend the winter in a warm climate. The anonymous of Romane-LH-Myers was £ 300 to allow this, and Orwell was with his wife north of Africa, in which he entered the Frenchman Morocco, mainly in Marrakech, from September 1938 to March 1939. (Orwell He has never learned that the source of money accepted it only on the condition that a loan is considered.He has reimbursed the loan for eight years later, when he began to earn money from the success of the animal farm. England On March 30, 1939. He was sent to Victor Gollancz, who has an option in Orwells along with three novels, despite the cold treatment given to [Orwell] when the tribute was rejected to Catalonia. In fact, Orwell was heard in April 1939 that government reserves had on the book, and delayed with the decision to accept them. The descriptions in the novel of character that relies on a group of books at a Gollanta meeting, and meetings themselves were that Gollankz was not helped to be insulted by them. However, the editor has discovered the nover to demand sophisticated changes without significant changes, and was published on June 12, 1939. It was Orwell's latest novel using the print of Gollkanz.
When it comes to George Orwell's bibliography I can demonstrate the following features. Eric Arthur Blair, known by his name, George Orwell, was a British writer, essayist, journalist and critic born in India. His work is characterized by the ucide rosa, which bites social criticism, the opposition for totalitarian and supports democratic socialism.As a writer, Orwell produced literary criticism and poetry, fiction and polemical journalism; and is best known for the allegorical novella Animal Farm (1945) and the dystopian novel Nineteen EightyFour (1949). His non-fiction works, including The Road to Wigan Pier (1937), documenting his experience of working-class life in the north of England, and Homage to Catalonia (1938), an account of his experiences soldiering for the Republican faction of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), are as critically respected as his essays on politics and literature, language and culture. In 2008, The Times ranked George Orwell second among "The 50 greatest British writers since 1945". Orwells work remains influential in popular culture and in political culture, and the adjective "Orwellian"—describing totalitarian and authoritarian social practices—is part of the English language, like many of his neologisms, such as "Big Brother", "Thought Police", "Two Minutes Hate", "Room 101", "memory hole", "Newspeak", "doublethink", "proles", "unperson", and "thoughtcrime".
Eric Arthur Blair was born on June 25, 1903 in Motihari, Bihar, British India. His great-grandfather,Charles Blair, was a gentleman that was rich in Dorset, married to Lady Mary Fane, daughter of the Earl of West Morland, and had income as a distant owner of plantations in Jamaica. His grandfather, Thomas Richard Arthur Blair, was a cleric. Eric Blair described his family as a "low middle class". His father, Richard Walmesley Blair, worked on the opium department of Indian public service. His mother, Ida Mabel Blair (Née Limouzin), grew up in Moulmein, Burma, where his French
father was involved in speculative companies. Eric had two sisters: Marjorie, five years older; And Avril, five years younger. When Eric was a year, her mother took him and Marjorie to England. His birthplace and his Ancestral House in Motihari is now a historic monument. In 1904 Ida Blair put on with his children in Henley-on-Thames in Oxfordshire. Eric grew up his mother and sisters, and apart from a brief visit in mid-1907, he did not see his father alone 1912. Five years, Eric was sent as a day of day to a School of Monastery in Henley -on- Thames, the Marjorie also participated. It was a Roman Catholic monastery of French Ursulinnuts. His mother wanted him to have a public school education, but he could not pay the fees. With the social connections of IdaBlaires, Brother Charles Limouzin, Blair won a scholarship from St. Cyprian, Eastbourne, East Sussex. On arrival in September 1911, he attacked school over the next five years and returned home for school holidays. Although he knew nothing about reduced prices, "he soon realized that he was from a poorer home." Blair Hounded School and many years later he wrote a "such, such essay were the pleasures, published persecution, based on his time there. In Styprien, Blair Cyric. Connolly, the writer, released several of the Orwells Essays as a publisher of the Horizonts , Before the First World War, the family moved to Shapake, Oxfordshire, where Eric became friendly with the buddik family family, especially his daughter Jacinttha. When he met for the first time, he put on his head in a field. She asked why he said: "You will be more noticed when you stop at your head as if you were right." Jacinttha and Eric read and wrote poetry and dreamed of being famous writers. She said she wrote a book in H. g .. Wellss is a modern utopia. During this time he also enjoyed photographs, fishing and bird with Jacints brother and sister.
For most of his career, Orwell was best known for his journalism, in trials, reviews, columns in newspapers and magazines and his reports books: in Paris and London (describes a poverty phase in these cities), the road A Wigan Embarrower (describes the living conditions of the poor in North England and the class department in general) and tribute to Catalonia. According to Irving Howe was Orwell, from Dr. Johnson, "the best English essayist from Hazlitt, maybe from Dr. Johnson." Modern readers are more frequently introduced Orwell as a writer, especially through his huge farm of successful animals and nineteen four. It is often assumed that the first reproduce degeneration in the Soviet Union according to the Russian Revolution and the increase in Stalinism; The latter, life under the totalitarian government. Nineteen eighty-four are often compared with a brave new world of Aldous Huxley; Both are powerful distóppic novels that warn of a future world in which the state machine exerts total control over social life. In 1984, the Fahrenheit 451 of nineteenth and Ray Bradbury was honored with the Prometheus Prize for his contributions to distracted literature. In 2011 he received it again for the animal farm. Climbing the air, his last novel before the Second World War, is the "English" English "of his novels; Warming arms mixing with idyllic pictures, the Thames side, the Eduarian childhood of the George Bowling protagonist. The novel is pessimistic; Industrialism And capitalism killed the best of old England, and there were great, new external threats. In the household, his protagonist George Bowling postulated the totalitarian hypotheses of Franz Borkenau, Orwell, Ignazio Silon and Koestler: "Old Hitler's something else. SOS Joe Stalin. They are not like these veneers in ancient times, crucified people and pecked their heads, and so on, just for the funny thing about it ... they are something completely new that has never heard of before.
Literary influences in an autobiographical space in which Orwell was written in 1940 to the publishers of the 20th century authors wrote: "The authors who are most important and never cross are: Shakespeare, Swift, Fielding, Dickens, Charles Pure , Flaubert and, between modern writers, James Joyce, TS Eliot and DH Lawrence. But I think the modern writer who has influenced me the most is W. Somerset Maugham, whom I immerse for his power, to tell a story in a simple way and without luxury. "Other places, Orwell, who praised, praised Jack London's works, especially his book the street .. Orwels the investigation of poverty on the way to the Wigan dock is similar to those of Jack London, the abyss' people, in the, in The American journalist disguises himself as a sailor outside the work to examine the life of the poor in London. In his process "Politics vs. Literature: An investigation of the Gullivers" (1946) Orwell wrote: "If I have a list of six Creating books that should be kept that should be kept when everyone else should have been destroyed, I would certainly run Gullbers. " Orwell was an admirer of Arthur Koestler and was in the three years to a close friend, Korestler and his wife Mamain in the Bwlch Country House Ocyn, an isolated country house that belonged to Clough Williams-Ellis, in the Four Four Williams-Ellis, In the Firm Williams-Ellis, in the Fourfegiams-Ellis Fourfirm, In the Fourfs, Williams-Ellis. Orwell checked the darkness Koileslers in Noon for the New Statesman 1941 and said: Bright, as this book is like a novel, and a piece of brilliant literature, it is probably the most valuable as an interpretation of "confessions" from Moscow of someone with an internal knowledge about totalitarian methods. What was terrible about these essays was not the fact that they happened independently, such things in a totalitarian society are necessary, but the enthusiasm of western intellectuals to justify them. Other writers of Orwell included: Ralph Waldo Emerson, George Gisssing, Graham Greene, Herman Melville, Henrich Miller, Tobias Smollett, Mark Twain, Joseph Conrad and Yevgeny Zamyatin. He was an admirer and a critic of Rudyard-Kipling, Prise Kipling. As a gifted writer and a "good bad poet", whose work is "false" and "morally insensitive and aesthetically disgusting", but certainly seductive and able to talk more effectively with certain aspects of reality than most illustrated authors. He had a similar ambivalent attitude of G. K. Chesterton, whom he considered a considerable talent writer who had decided to dedicate himself to the "Roman Catholic Propaganda" and after Evelyn Waugh, whom he was, wrote: "From [OU] t as a good writer, as one can be one. (ie, as Romanericano today) while remains unsustainable opinions. " Orwell as a literary critic during his way, Orwell has constantly supported himself as an auditor. The qualifications of it are well known and have an impact on literary criticism. He wrote at the conclusion of his essay from the 1940s about Charles Dickens: "If you read a strong individual writing, you have the impression of seeing a face somewhere behind the page. It is not necessarily the real face of the writer. I feel so firm with Swift, with Defoe, with Fielding, Stendhal, Thackeray, Flaubert, although in several cases I do not know how these people looked and do not want to know. What you see is the face that the writer should have. Well, in the case of Dickens I see a face that is not the face of Dickens photographs, though it looks. It is the face of a man of about forty, with a small beard and a high color. He laughs, with a hint of anger in his laughter, but there is no triumph, no malignancy. It is the face of a man who is always fighting against something, but who is struggling in the opening and is not anxious, the face of a man who is generously angry, in other words, of a nineteenth century liberal, a free intelligence, a free intelligence, a free intelligence, a free intelligence, a free intelligence Guy who was hated with the hatred of all the small classic orthodox, who are now fighting for our souls."
George Woodcock suggested that the last two sentences also describe Orwell. Orwell wrote a critique of George Bernard Shaws play Arms and the Man. He considered this Shaws best play and the most likely to remain socially relevant, because of its theme that war is not, generally speaking, a glorious romantic adventure. His 1945 essay In Defence of P.G. Wodehouse contains an amusing assessment of Wodehouses writing and also argues that his broadcasts from Germany (during the war) did not really make him a traitor. He accused The Ministry of Information of exaggerating Wodehouses actions for propaganda purposes. Food writing In 1946, the British Council commissioned Orwell to write an essay on British food as part of a drive to promote British relations abroad.In the essay titled British Cookery, Orwell described the British diet as "a simple, rather heavy, perhaps slightly barbarous diet" and where "hot drinks are acceptable at most hours of the day".He discusses the ritual of breakfast in the UK, "this is not a snack but a serious meal. The hour at which people have their breakfast is of course governed by the time at which they go to work." He wrote that high tea in the United Kingdom consisted of a variety of savoury and sweet dishes, but "no tea would be considered a good one if it did not include at least one kind of cake.” Orwell also added a recipe for marmalade, a popular British spread on bread. However, the British Council declined to publish the essay on the grounds that it was too problematic to write about food at the time of strict rationing in the UK. In 2019, the essay was discovered in the British Councils archives along with the rejection letter. The British Council issued an official apology to Orwell over the rejection of the commissioned essay.
Influence on language and writing In his essay "Politics and the English Language", Orwell wrote about the importance of precise and clear language, arguing that vague writing can be used as a powerful tool of political manipulation because it shapes the way we think. In that essay, Orwell provides four rules for writers:
1.Never use a metaphor, simile or other figure of speech which you are used to seeing in print.
2. Never use a long word where a short one will do. If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out.
3. Never use the passive where you can use the active.
4. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word or a jargon word if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
Many of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous. Andrew N. Rubin argues that "Orwell claimed that we should be attentive to how the use of language has limited our capacity for critical thought just as we should be equally concerned with the ways in which dominant modes of thinking have reshaped the very language that we use." The adjective "Orwellian" connotes an attitude and a policy of control by propaganda, surveillance, misinformation, denial of truth and manipulation of the past. In Nineteen Eighty-Four, Orwell described a totalitarian government that controlled thought by controlling language, making certain ideas literally unthinkable. Several words and phrases from Nineteen Eighty-Four have entered popular language. "Newspeak" is a simplified and obfuscatory language designed to make independent thought impossible. "Doublethink" means holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously. The "Thought Police" are those who suppress all dissenting opinion. "Prolefeed" is homogenised, manufactured superficial literature, film and music used to control and indoctrinate the populace through docility. "Big Brother" is a supreme dictator who watches everyone. Orwell may have been the first to use the term "cold war" to refer to the state of tension between powers in the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc that followed World War II in his essay, "You and the Atom Bomb", published in Tribune on 19 October 1945. He wrote: "We may be heading not for general breakdown but for an epoch as horribly stable as the slave empires of antiquity. James Burnhams theory has been much discussed, but few people have yet considered its ideological implications—this is, the kind of world-view, the kind of beliefs, and the social structure that would probably prevail in a State which was at once unconquerable and in a permanent state of cold war with its neighbours." Modern culture In 2014, a play written by playwright Joe Sutton titled Orwell in America was first performed by the Northern Stage theatre company in White River Junction, Vermont. It is a fictitious account of Orwell doing a book tour in the United States (something he never did in his lifetime). It moved to off-Broadway in 2016. Orwells birthplace, a bungalow in Motihari, Bihar, India, was opened as a museum in May 2015. A statue of George Orwell, sculpted by the British sculptor Martin Jennings, was unveiled on 7 November 2017 outside Broadcasting House, the headquarters of the BBC. The wall behind the statue is inscribed with the following phrase: "If liberty means anything at all, it means the right to tell people what they do not want to hear". These are words from his proposed preface to Animal Farm and a rallying cry for the idea of free speech in an open society.
1.2. Modernism period in English literature and its characteristics.
The novel "Coming up for air" was written in Modernism period. That's why, We are going to give information about Modernism period, its style and characteristics.
Modernism is both a philosophical movement and an art movement, which results at the end of the nineteenth century and the early twentieth of general transformations in Western society. The movement reflected the desire for the preparation of new forms of art, philosophy and social organization, which reflected the newly emerging industrial world, including characteristics, such as urbanization, new technologies and war. The artists tried to deviate from traditional forms of art, which considered outdated or outdated. The Ezra-Libra poet in 1934 in the judicial resource for "Restart" was the touchstone of the movement approach. This proto-cubistic work is considered a seed influence on subsequent tendencies in modernist painting. Frank Lloyd Wright, Solomon Guggenheim Museum 1946-1959 Modernist innovations included abstract art, the flow of consciousness, assembly cinema, atonal music and twelve tone and partial painting. Modernism explicitly refused the ideology of realism and used the works of the past through the use of reprise, intervention, rewrite, recapitulation, review and parody. The modernity also refused the certainty of the idea of enlightenment, and many modernists rejected religious beliefs. A remarkable feature of modernity is self-confidence about artistic and social traditions that often experiment with the form, along with the use of techniques that were made aware of the processes and materials that are used in creating works of art. While some scholars continue the modern age in the 21st century, others see that they develop in late modern or high modernity. Postmodernism is an exit from modernism and rejects its basic assumptions.
Some commentators define modernism as a way of thinking, one or more philosophically defined characteristics, such as self-confidence or self-reference, which excel all the novelties of the arts and disciplines. More often, especially in the West, those who see it as a socially progressive thought trend that affirms the power of people to improve and implement their surroundings with the help of practical experiments, scientific knowledge or technology. From this perspective, Modernism encouraged the resumption of all aspects of existence, trade in philosophy, with the aim of finding what progressed, and replaced it with new ways of reaching the same purpose. Others focus on modernity such as aesthetic introspection. This facilitates the consideration of specific reactions to the use of technology in the First World War and the antibotic and nihilist aspects of the works of several thinkers and artists, who from the time of Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) to Samuel Beckett (1906- 1989)). According to Roger Griffin, modernism can be defined in a maximumistic vision as a broad cultural, social or political initiative that is maintained by the Spirit of the "Newness of the New". Modernism tried to recover, Griffin writes, a "sense of sublime order and purpose for the contemporary world, whereby the erosion (perceived) to counteract a general" nomos "or" sacred canopy "among the fragmented and secular effects of modernism. "Therefore, phenomena apparently are not interconnected, such as" Expressionism, Futurism, Vitalism, Theosophy, Psychoanalysis, Nudism, Eugenics, Planning of utopian city and architecture, modern dance, Bolshevism, organic nationalism and even worship from the victim that held the hekatomb of the World War II: reveals a common cause and a psychological matrix in the fight against decadence (perceived). "Everything embody the offers to access a" supra personal experience of reality "in the individuals believed that they could exceed their own mortality and finally they had stopped, victims of the story To be to become their creators.
Peter Kalliney suggests that "Modernist concepts, especially aesthetic autonomy, were fundamental to the literature of decolonization in anglophone Africa." In his opinion, Rajat Neogy, Christopher Okigbo, and Wole Soyinka, were among the writers who "repurposed modernist versions of aesthetic autonomy to declare their freedom from colonial bondage, from systems of racial discrimination, and even from the new postcolonial state". The terms "modernism" and "modernist", according to scholar William J. Tyler, "have only recently become part of the standard discourse in English on modern Japanese literature and doubts concerning their authenticity vis-avis Western European modernism remain". Tyler finds this odd, given "the decidedly modern prose" of such "well-known Japanese writers as Kawabata Yasunari, Nagai Kafu, and Junichirō Tanizaki". However, "scholars in the visual and fine arts, architecture, and poetry readily embraced "modanizumu" as a key concept for describing and analyzing Japanese culture in the 1920s and 1930s". In 1924, various young Japanese writers, including Kawabata and Riichi Yokomitsu started a literary journal Bungei Jidai ("The Artistic Age"). This journal was "part of an art for arts sake movement, influenced by European Cubism, Expressionism, Dada, and other modernist styles". Japanese modernist architect Kenzō Tange (1913–2005) was one of the most significant architects of the 20th century, combining traditional Japanese styles with modernism, and designing major buildings on five continents. Tange was also an influential patron of the Metabolist movement. He said: "It was, I believe, around 1959 or at the beginning of the sixties that I began to think about what I was later to call structuralism", He was influenced from an early age by the Swiss modernist, Le Corbusier, Tange gained international recognition in 1949 when he won the competition for the design of Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. In China the "New Sensationists" were a group of writers based in Shanghai who in the 1930s and 1940s were influenced, to varying degrees, by Western and Japanese modernism. They wrote fiction that was more concerned with the unconscious and with aesthetics than with politics or social problems. Among these writers were Mu Shiying, Liu Naou, and Shi Zhecun. In India, the Progressive Artists Group was a group of modern artists, mainly based in Mumbai, India formed in 1947. Though it lacked any particular style, it synthesised Indian art with European and North America influences from the first half of
the 20th Century, including Post-Impressionism, Cubism and Expressionism.
Modernisms stress on freedom of expression, experimentation, radicalism, and primitivism disregards conventional expectations. In many art forms this often meant startling and alienating audiences with bizarre and unpredictable effects, as in the strange and disturbing combinations of motifs in Surrealism or the use of extreme dissonance and atonality in Modernist music. In literature this often involved the rejection of intelligible plots or characterization in novels, or the creation of poetry that defied clear interpretation. From 1932, socialist realism began to oust Modernism in the Soviet Union; it had previously endorsed Futurism and Constructivism. The Nazi government of Germany deemed modernism narcissistic and nonsensical, as well as "Jewish" (see Antisemitism) and "Negro". The Nazis exhibited Modernist paintings alongside works by the mentally ill in an exhibition entitled "Degenerate Art". Accusations of "formalism" could lead to the end of a career, or worse. For this reason many modernists of the postwar generation felt that they were the most important bulwark against totalitarianism, the "canary in the coal mine", whose repression by a government or other group with supposed authority represented a warning that individual liberties were being threatened. Louis A. Sass compared madness, specifically schizophrenia, and modernism in a less fascist manner by noting their shared disjunctive narratives, surreal images, and incoherence.