The Chairman of the School Union “Young Academy” Abdullayeva Malika Mahmudjanovna The teacher

Ancient Khorezm
The Khorezm state is historically a city with the status of the capital of Old Urgench, Vazir, New Urgench and Khiva. He overthrew the Khorezmshahs in Kot and declared himself the Khorezm ruler – Khorezmshah.

Thus, Gurganj became the capital of the Khorezm state. The city developed rapidly. Dozens of scholars of his time, such as Abu Rayhan Beruni and Abu Ali ibn Sino, worked at the Khorezmshah Ma'mun Academy, a scientific center founded by the Khorezmshah Ma'munis. Ancient Urgench was also the capital of the Great Khorezmshah state. However, the city was destroyed by the Mongol army led by Genghis Khan².
In the 70s of the XVI century, the city of Gurganj was left without water due to the fact that the Amudarya changed its course and began to flow into the Aral Sea, not the Caspian Sea. As a result, people began to move in all directions. In 1646, Khiva khan Abulgazi Bahodirkhan built another city - New Urgench. Sarson moved the nomadic population to this city. The former city of Gurganj is now called Old Urgench. During the reign of Abulgazi Bahodirkhan oglu Anushakhan, a canal named Shohobod was dug near New Urgench. The canal played an important role in the development of the city.
Khiva is the most famous and ancient city of Khorezm. The popularity of Khiva is explained by the fact that from the time of its construction it was a trade route connecting East and West. In the 19th century, the city of Khiva was divided into two parts by a wall - the Ichan Fortress (Inner City) and the Dishan Fortress (Outer Fortress). The city is also known in the world as the “City of a Thousand Domes”.

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² The great of 8^th Uzbekistan history (page 96)

Magical Samarkand
Named the "Beauty of the World", Samarkand has lost much of its former status over the years. This was due to the intensification of civil wars during the Ashtarkhanids, the devastating attacks of foreign nomadic tribes. The Mangits, on the other hand, took measures to rehabilitate the ruined Samarkand. In particular, Rahimbi began the work of rebuilding the city by bringing water to it. However, the extremely declining population of the city did not yield the expected result. Amir Shakh Murad took drastic measures in this regard. He forcibly gathered people from other cities to rebuild the city and increase the population. Although great creative work in the city continued even after his death, the city was largely almost rebuilt during his time.

Sources say: "The modern beautifica
tion of Samarkand began in 1780, during the reign of Shah Murad, and in 1809 it was incorporated into a city." In the early 19th century, the city was surrounded by a high wall. The city was entered through 6 gates. The city had many parks, canals and pools, caravanserais and baths.The streets connected the 6 gates of the city with Registan Square. Thanks to the creative work carried out, the city's population soon reached 25-30 thousand people.
Foreign guests visiting the biennial Sharq Taronalari music festival at Samarkand's Registan Square once in every two years and they do not only visit Samarkand, but also Pastdargom, Payariq, Jambay, Urgut, Taylak and Samarkand districts of the region.
During the visit of President Shavkat Mirziyoyev to Samarkand region in April last year to create favorable conditions for tourists to get acquainted with the unique historical, cultural and architectural heritage sites, to revive pilgrimage tourism, in general, to further develop the tourism potential of the ancient land. A number of instructions were given. As a result, certain work is currently underway. In particular, specific measures have been identified for the implementation of pilgrimage tourism in Samarkand region.