The architecture of light: architectural lighting design concepts and techniques. A textbook of procedures and practices for the architect, interior designer and lighting designer pdfdrive com

Figure 23.2 Two versions of typical wall mounted dimmers from Lutron.
Timer Switches
A timer is a simple light switch that keeps a lighting load “on” for a set amount of time, and then automatically turns it off. Many timers offer the ability to modify or program the timer function.
Time Clocks
A time clock is a device with mechanical or electronic means of keeping time. They are often mounted closer to an electrical panel to control entire circuits of
Figure 23.3 An example of a typical wall mounted occupancy sensor
lighting. The time clock allows lighting functions to automatically occur at specific times throughout the day. Sophisticated time clocks may also know the time of sunrise and sunset through the seasons as well as daylight savings changes. Controlling lighting through a time clock allows lighting functions to be programmed to reliably activate at certain times of day throughout the year. Time clocks are often a first level of sophistication on commercial projects as they reduce wasted electricity by assuring that lighting applications don’t accidentally remain “on” after business hours. Many time clocks meet the basic control requirements of many local lighting code requirements.
Occupancy Sensors
Occupancy sensors detect people and activity through heat, motion, sound or obstruction. These control devices can often be programmed to come on and turn off manually or automatically when they detect a presence. Many lighting efficiency codes require that these devices be used to automatically switch lights off if occupancy is not detected. They are often used to turn off a portion of the
luminaires in a large area to meet code requirements addressing “uniform light reduction” targets. They are available as integral to typical wall-mounted switches, or as stand-alone devices for controlling entire lighting circuits.
INTELLIGENT LIGHTING CONTROL SYSTEMS
The increase in energy code requirements and sustainable design incentives had made “whole project” controls increasingly popular and feasible. Besides fine tuning of lighting effect, they allow implementation of many energy saving initiatives (occupancy response, daylight response and time of day response) in a comprehensive package.
Most of our more sophisticated lighting control systems deviate from the simple
“switching” model in an important manner. When an intelligent control system is