awfully, terribly, very, too,
rather, highly, extremely
va boshqalar: str: ega + to’liqsiz fe’l + ravish + tar.kes.ning ot qismi: The food was extremely
bad. I am terribly sorry.
(Ot oldidan kelgan sifatning kuchaytiruvchisi ham ravish bo’ladi: I bought a very interesting book.)
----- -d, -ed li sifatlar oldidan ham ravish ishlatiladi: He is
very
afraid
, The USA is a
highly
developed
country.
6)
Sifat yoki ravishdan keyin ot ishlatilmagan bo’lsa, ular oldidan
so
ravishi ishlatiladi, ammo sifat yoki ravishdan keyin
ot bo’lsa, albatta ular oldidan such ishlatiladi:
I like Olim and Olima. They are so nice. / I like Olim and Olima. They are such nice people.
I walked so long that I was very tired. / I walked such a long way that I was very tired.
- Ammo mustasno holatlar ham bor:
a) much, many, little, few so’zlaridan keyin ot bo’lsa ham, ular oldida so ishlatiladi: The Smiths had so many children that
they formed their own football team. Olim has so much money that he can help his parents.
b) ot oldida sifat bo’lib, otga tegishli noaniq
artikl sifat oldida emas, otga yopishib kelgan bo’lsa ham,
ular oldida so
ishlatiladi: It was so hot a day that we went swimming.
7)
Enough ravishi gaplarda quyidagicha ishlatiladi:
a)
sifat va ravishdan keyin qo’yiladi: You must study hard enough to enter the University.
Let him read that book. He is old
enough.
b)
Otga bog’langanda otdan oldin ishlatiladi: I have enough money to buy this book.
c)
Fe’ldan keyin ishlatiladi: He tried enough.
8)
Quite va rather ravishlari juda deb tarjima qilinadi va
quite
ijobiy ma’no uchun
rather
salbiy ma’no uchun ishlatiladi:
She is quite intelligent but rather lazy.
Noaniq artikl quite dan keyin, rather dan oldin ham, keyin ham ishlatiladi:
quite a long way; rather a lazy boy = a rather lazy boy.
Quite ning butunlay, to’liq ma’nosi ham bor: I quite agree with you. I am quite sure.
9)
Biror narsaning sifati muntazam o’zgarib borishini ifodalash uchun ba’zida qiyosiy darajadagi sifat ikkilanib, 2 ta
qilib ishlatiladi: It is becoming harder and harder to find a job.
---- Sifat ko’p bo’g’inli bo’lsa, more ning o’zi ikkilanadi: It is becoming more and more difficult to find a job.
10)
Ba’zida shart ergash gapli qo’shma gaplarda bo’g’lovchi o’rnida ikkala gapning boshida the + qiyosiy darajadagi sifat
ishlatilishi mumkin, str: The + qiyo.dar.sifat + gap, + the + qiyo.dar.sifat + gap: The earlier we leave, the sooner we shall
get there. The more you have, the more you want.
11)
Yuqoridagi qoidadagi holatda shart ergash gapli qo’shma gapni qisqartirib 2 ta the + qiyo.dar.sifat ham ishlatiladi: What time
must I leave?
- The sooner, the better.
12)
Most har doim ham
eng
deb tarjima qilinmaydi. Ko’pdan birni ajratish kerak bo’lmaganda uning oldidan the ishlatilmaydi va
juda
yoki
ko’pgina
deb tarjima qilinadi:
It was a most interesting film./ Most students don’t attend libraries./ The most students of our college don’t read literary books.
13)
much, a lot, far kuchaytiruvchilari va a bit, slightly ozaytiruvchilaridan keyin aksariyat hollarda qiyosiy daraja ishlatiladi: This
book is far more interesting. / Can you walk a bit slower?
14)
little – a little dan, few – a few dan ma’nosiga ko’ra farq qiladi: little va few biror ish qilishga yetmaydiga darajada kamlikni, a
little va a few esa biror ish qilishga yetarli daragadagi kamlikni bildiradi: little – kamgina, ozgina; a little – kam, oz, biroz; --- few –
bir nechtagina; a few – bir nechta: We have a little time before our departure, let’s have a cup of coffee. --- We have little time, hurry
up. / Olim isn’t happy here. He has few friends to play with. --- Olim is happy here. He has a few friends to play with
15)
Mazmunan quite a little = a little ga, ammo only a little = littlega, quite a few = a few, only a few = few
16)
hardly, hardly ever, never, rarely, no sooner, seldom, only after, so difficult…, little kabi inkor ma’noli so’zlar gap boshida kelsa,
gap inversiyaga uchraydi, ya’ni gap tuzilishi o’zgaradi:
No sooner had he arrived than he fell ill./ Never have I seen so much protest against a government./ Little does Michael realize how
important this meeting is./ Only then did I learn how to use that./ So difficult was this problem, Einstein couldn’t solve it.
17)
Vaziyat, sharoit o’zgarganini ifodalashda no more, no longer, any more, any longer ishlatiladi:
a)
any more, any longer inkor gaplarda gap oxirida ishlatiladi: Mr. Black doesn’t work here any more (any longer)
b)
no more, no longer esa ega-kesim o’rtasida ishlatiladi: She no longer loves him
c)
Farqlash zarur bo’lsa, no more, any more darajani bildiradi, no longer, any longer paytni ifodalaydi: There is no more bread. / She
is no more a great singer than I am. / I no longer support the Labour party. / He is no longer a student.
18)
“as” va “like”dan keyin ot kelsa, like dan keyin
o’xshatish
, as dan keyin
haqiqat
ishlatiladi:
She looks beautiful, - like a princess. / A few years ago she worked as a waitress. / As a doctor, I advise you not to drink alcohol.
19) oldida a- affiksini (qo’shimchasini) olgan sifatlar: afraid, alike, alone, asleep… kabilar ot oldidan emas, sifat oluvchi fe’llardan
keyin ishlatiladi: The boy is asleep (a sleeping boy) …
