CHAPTER 16
The phenomenal and the noumenal side of man 'Man in himself.' How do we know
the inner side of man? Can we know of the existence of consciousness in conditions
of space not analogous to ours? Brain and consciousness. Unity of the world Logical
impossibility of a simultaneous existence of spirit and matter. Either all is spirit or all
is matter. Rational and irrational actions in nature and in man's life. Can rational
actions exist side by side with irrational? The world as an accidentally produced
mechanical toy. The impossibility of consciousness in a mechanical universe. The
impossibility of mechanicalness if consciousness exists. The fact of human
consciousness interfering with the mechanical system. The consciousness of other
cross-sections of the world. How can we know about them? Kant on 'spirits'. Spinoza
on the cognition of the invisible world. Necessity for the intellectual definition of
what is possible and what is impossible in the noumenal world
We know very imperfectly what man is and our ideas of man are extremely
erroneous and easily create new illusions. First of all, we are inclined to
regard man as a certain unity, and to consider different details and functions
of
man
as interconnected and all of them dependent on one another.
Moreover, we see the cause of all man's properties and actions in his physical
apparatus, in the visible man. In reality man is something very complex, and
complex in many senses. Many sides of man's life are either totally
unconnected with each other, or only connected by the fact that they belong to
one and the same man; and man's life goes on simultaneously as it were, on
different planes. Moreover, the phenomena of one plane touch another plane
only partially and rarely, and may not touch it at all. And man's relations to
the different sides of himself and of other people are not at all the same.
Man contains in himself all the three kinds of phenomena mentioned
earlier, i.e. he represents a combination of physical phenomena, phenomena
of life and psychological phenomena. And the interrelation of these three
orders of phenomena is infinitely more complex than we are accustomed to
think. Psychological phenomena in ourselves we feel, sense and are aware of;
phenomena of life and physical phenomena we observe and form conclusions
about on the grounds of experience. We do not sense the psychological
phenomena
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