Technology Roadmap Low-Carbon Transition in the Cement Industry

Figure 19: High-level structure of the IEA ETP cement sector model
Standard dry-
process kilns
Fuel
Electricity
Raw
materials
and fuels
for
processing
Wet-process
kilns
Vertical kilns
Direct CO
2
emissions
(energy +
process)
Captured
CO
2
emissions
Vertical mills
Additives
Ball mills
Excess heat
recovery
Excess heat
Electricity generated on-site
CCS – Post-
combustion
chemical
absorption
Carbon
capture –
Partial
oxy-fuel
Clinker
Cement
Electricity
generation
Amines
Recovered
heat
Vertical
mills
Ball mills
Limestone and
other raw materials
Petroleum
coke, coal,
others
Dry-process
w/partial
oxy-fuel
Roller press +
ball mills
Roller
presses
O
2
Dry-process
w/full
oxy-fuel
Carbon
capture
Full
–
oxy-fuel
Africa
South Africa, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of the 
Congo, Cote d’Ivoire, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, 
Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Burkina Faso, Burundi, 
Cabo Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, 
Gambia, Guinea, Guinea Bissau, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, 
Mauritius, Niger, Réunion, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, 
Somalia, Swaziland and Uganda
America
United States, Canada, Mexico, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, 
Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, 
Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, 
Venezuela, Antigua and Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, British 
Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), French Guiana, 
Grenada, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Martinique, Montserrat, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint 
Lucia, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, and Turks 
and Caicos Islands
China
China (Peoples’ Republic of)
Eurasia
Russian Federation, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, 
Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan
Regional definitions

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