The Court has deepened the issue of the fiscal coherence in a subsequent
decision, especially to define better (and to restrict substantially) the scope of that
justification. So, it was pointed out that the coherence of the tax system must show a
structural and systematic character, to be considered with reference to a whole
complex of taxation and not only to a single and limited case (case 08/11/1995,
C-80/94,
Wielocks
).
Since the judgment
Wielocks
the ECJ has repeatedly rejected the argument of the
fiscal coherence as an “overriding reason of general interest”, requiring a direct and
immediate link between the renunciation of the imposition and the subsequent
taxation; it was so pointed out that the relationship between the deduction of the
costs and the taxation of the income must cover the same objective and subjective
scope, referring essentially to the same tax and to the same taxpayer (case
14.2.1995, C-279/93
Schumacker
; case 14.11.1995, C-484/93
Svensson
; case
16.7.1998, C-264/96,
Imperial Chemical Industries—ICI;
case 28.10.1999, C-55/
98
Vestergaard
; case 13.4.2000, C-251/98
Baars; ca
se 6.6.2000, C-35/98,
Verkooijen
).
In essence it can be seen that the cause of justification due to the criterion of
coherence of the national tax system does not seem to be currently an effective
argument to safeguard the validity of the conflicting national provision with the EU
legislation in front of the Court of Justice.
It should also be noted that the “fiscal coherence” has been identified as a value
that works on two different levels of legal sources. On the one hand, the coherence
has been identified as a specific requirement of the law, that is to be evaluated
exclusively for the aims and functions defined by the national law (see the men-
tioned case
Bachmann
). On the other hand, it has been attributed a relief to the
conventions against double taxation between the Member States, in which the
criterion of judgment is made by the respect of the reciprocity of the rules applica-
ble to the contracting States (and not consistent with the objectives and purposes of
national law) (see the mentioned case
Wielocks
). Therefore it has been argued that
the Court recognizes two dimensions of fiscal coherence, to be appreciated differ-
ently according to the regulatory framework, national or international.
8.2.3
The Jurisprudential Openings to the Principle of Territoriality
A variation of the criterion of fiscal coherence has been identified by the Court of
Justice in the protection of the principle of territoriality functional to ensure the
taxation in a Member State of the income produced in the territory of that Member
State by a non-resident.
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