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Task for seminar 4
Exercise 1. Answer the following questions
1.What English grammatical forms and structures have no regular equivalents in Uzbek/Russian?
A dissimilarity of the English and Russian infinitives can be also found in the functions they perform in the sentence. Note should be taken, for example, of the continuative infinitive which in English denotes an action following that indicated by the predicate: “Parliament was dissolved, not to meet again for eleven years”. “Парламент был распущен и не созывался в течении 11 лет“. “He came home to find his wife gone”. “Он вернулся домой и обнаружил, что жена ушла”. In most cases the translator has to resort to various types of grammatical substitutes.
2.What are the specific features of rendering the English articles in translation?
The category of the article exists as an obligatory one in English, but it is absent in Russian which raises various translation problems depending on the choice of a SL text: when translation is made from English into Russian a translator has to think about means of compensation that are available in Russian to render the functions of the English articles;
· when translation is made from Russian into English a translator has to choose a proper article to use before a noun taking into account a number of linguistic and extralingustic factors.For the purposes of translation it is expedient to discuss the definite and indefinite articles separately since each of them is characterized by a certain set of functions which are important to convey appropriately in translation. Translation practice reveals a number of ways of dealing with the definite articles used in various fuctions which are outlined below:
3.What distinctive features are typical of non-finite forms of verbs in English?
А non-finite verb cannot serve as the main verb in an independent clause. In practical terms, this means that they don't serve as the action of a sentence. They also don't have a tense. While the sentence around them may be past, present, or future tense, the non-finite verbs themselves are neutral
4.What can you say about the translation of infinitives in the function of attributes?
As an attribute both the active and the passive Infinitive are possible. If the subject of the sentence denotes the person who has to do the action expressed by the Infinitive-attribute, the attribute is expressed by an active Infinitive.
I have a friend to rely upon. У меня есть друг, на которого я могу положиться. Tom-Builder said, «I have a cathedral to build». Том-Строитель сказал: «Мне надо построить собор».
Sometimes the Infinitive-attribute is not translated into Russian at all.
I have a lot of work to do. Мне надо сделать много работы.
As an attribute the Infinitive is more common in English than in Russian.
Exercise 2. Render the following sentences and analyze the translation of the article.
Model: Do you think it will make a difference to us? — A difference?
It will make the difference.
— Буни бизга қандайдир аҳамияти ббор деб ўйлайсизми?
— Қандайдир аҳамияти дейсизми? Буни жуда катта аҳамияти бор..
— Вы думаете, это имеет какое-то значение для нас?
— Какое-то? Это имеет очень большой значение.
A difference — Article; lack of correspondence of the Grammar forms. The way of translation— translation of the Grammar form by lexical means.
In the sentence the Indefinite article has the function of the Indefinite pronoun,
the difference — In this case the definite article it used to emphasize the noun «difference» thus acquiring the moaning of the superlative degree.
1. We roamed about sweet Sonning for an hour or so. (Jerome K. Jerome)
2. The latch clicked, a hand seized him by the shoulder and he was rudely shaken. (0. Henry).
3. The old man took a step back with the air of on« very much surprised and a trifle mixed.
4. The father threatened to cut the boy oil with a ling if he disobeyed him.
5. Why did you keep back the fact?
6. My father postponed the departure for a week.
7. Andrew had a sharp impulse to tell her that she must obey his instructions and not those of medding schoolmistress. (A. Cronin.)
8. The manuscript was sold in June for 90,000 dollars to a bookshop of New York.
9. The better off the community, the better schools.
10. Read the passage a second time.
Exercise 3. Render the sentences and comment on the translation of the non-finite forms of the verbs.
Model: Excuse my interrupting you.
Гапингизни бўлганим учун узр.
Извините, что перебил вас.
My interrupting you — Gerundial phrase: lack of correspondence of the Grammar forms; the way of translation — Grammar transformation, substitution of the Gerundial phrase by a subordinate Clause.
1. They claim to be working for peace.
2. I wanted to be answered at once.
3. To know English well you have to work hard.
4. He insists on his being sent on a mission.
5. We came here for mastering the English language.
6. I knew nothing about his sending that letter.
7. We postponed our visit because of John's being ill.
8. My mother's favorite cup is broken.
9. I saw the police struggling with the crowd.
10. The house which is being built in our street is very beautiful.
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