Task 1: Guidance Document for Operation of iets (CO1, po1)

Task 3: Optimization of IETS (CO3, PO3)

1. 
   Propose the mass balance for each unit operation to comply with Standard A, IER2009. Selection on percentage removal must be cited from valid references
   
2. 
   Based on the proposed mass balance, propose the upgrading of IETS based on the optimization of IETS treatment processes (e.g chemical dosage, the need of additional instrument, bacteria, etc.) and performance monitoring frequency based on parameters available at each of unit operation to achieve compliance of Standard A. Your proposal should also consider the analysis on preventive action on IETS problem as your explanation in Task 2
   
3. 
   Propose the Block Flow Diagram inclusive the summary of proposed mass balance for overall unit operation.
   
4. 
   Propose the Process Flow Diagram (PFD) of IETS (inclusive pump, compressor, blower, etc.)
   

Proposed Answer Task 3
Below will be provide a calculation of mass balance of every unit operation with upgraded IETS. Summary of IECS data for incoming wastewater from table 1 will be used with addition of flocculation solution into the flocculation tank which is by adding 0.1% of H₂O₂ with oxygenation of 30 – 40% in wastewater level, pH of 7.7 and temperature of 19^oC. This method can reduce the Ammoniacal Nitrogen up to 80% (Jóźwiakowski et al., 2017), BOD₅ up to 90% (Jóźwiakowski et al., 2017), COD up to 58% (Houtmeyers et al., 1977). Since the parameters such as pH and temperature in IETS in company M are different from the stated value, therefore the percentage removal will be lower than in the cited values. Inlet of 3m³/hr with continuous flow will be used for mass balance calculation

Mass Balance of each unit operations:

1. 
   Collection Pit
   

Collection Pit

Assumptions:

1. 
   No parameter changes during this process
   
2. 
   Inlet of 3m³/hr with 24hours flow of incoming wastewater.
   

Summary table in collection pit process

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	5.6	5.6
BOD5, mg/L	-	500	500
COD, mg/L	-	1500	1500
TSS, mg/L	-	200	200
NH4N, mg/L	-	30	30

2. 
   Equalization Tank
   

Equalization Tank

Assumptions:

1. 
   Inlet is from outlet collection pit
   
2. 
   Only helps to regulate and steady the flowrate of wastewater.
   
3. 
   No parameter changes
   

Summary table for equalization process

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	5.6	5.6
BOD5, mg/L	-	500	500
COD, mg/L	-	1500	1500
TSS, mg/L	-	200	200
NH4N, mg/L	-	30	30

3. 
   Coagulation Tank
   

Coagulation Tank

Coagulant solution

Assumptions:

1. 
   Inlet from outlet of equalization tank.
   
2. 
   FeCl₃ with pH of 1.8, 200mg/L of concentration dose
   
3. 
   COD and TSS removal is up to 60% and 91% respectively (Abu Bakar & Abdul Halim, 2013).
   
4. 
   pH value outlet decreased to 5.2.
   

Summary table for coagulation process

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	5.6	5.2
BOD5, mg/L	-	500	500
COD, mg/L	40	1500	900
TSS, mg/L	60	200	80
NH4N, mg/L	-	30	30

Calculation:

COD concentration
COD outlet stream:
COD =
COD = 900
Mass loading of COD
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 108
Outlet stream = 108
Outlet stream = 64.8
TSS concentration
TSS outlet stream =
TSS outlet stream = 80
Mass loading of TSS
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 14.4
Outlet stream = 14.4 x
Outlet stream = 5.76

pH Adjustment Tank

4. 
   pH Adjustment Tank
   

NaOH solution

Assumptions:

1. 
   pH value of wastewater increased from 5.2 to 7.1 with addition of NaOH solution at concentration of 0.02M (Tian et al., 2018).
   
2. 
   Other parameters do not changes.
   

Summary table for pH adjustment process

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	5.2	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	-	500	500
COD, mg/L	-	900	900
TSS, mg/L	-	80	80
NH4N, mg/L	-	30	30

5. 
   Flocculation Tank
   

Flocculation Tank

H₂O₂ Solution

Assumptions:

1. 
   Inlet will be from outlet of pH adjustment tank.
   
2. 
   0.1% of Hydrogen Peroxide, H₂O₂ with oxygenation of 30 – 40% level will be added to the flocculation process.
   
3. 
   BOD₅ removal up to 90% (Jóźwiakowski et al., 2017).
   
4. 
   COD removal up to 58% (Houtmeyers et al., 1977).
   
5. 
   Removal of Ammoniacal Nitrogen up to 80% (Jóźwiakowski et al., 2017).
   

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	5.2	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	65	500	175
COD, mg/L	40	900	540
TSS, mg/L	-	80	80
NH4N, mg/L	70	30	9

Calculation:

BOD₅ concentration
BOD₅ outlet stream:
BOD₅ =
BOD₅ = 175
Mass loading of BOD₅
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 36
Outlet stream = 36
Outlet stream = 12.6
COD concentration
COD outlet stream:
COD =
COD = 540
Mass loading of COD
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 38.88
Outlet stream = 38.88
Outlet stream = 23.33

NH₄N concentration
NH₄N outlet stream:
NH₄N =
NH₄N = 9
Mass loading of NH₄N
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 2.16
Outlet stream = 2.16
Outlet stream = 0.65

6. 
   Primary Clarifier
   

Primary Clarifier

Assumptions:

1. 
   Inlet wastewater is from outlet of flocculation tank.
   
2. 
   BOD removal range of 25 – 40% (Tchobanoglous et al., 2014).
   
3. 
   TSS removal range of 50 – 75% (Tchobanoglous et al., 2014).
   

Summary table for Primary Clarifier process

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	7.1	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	30	175	122.5
COD, mg/L	-	540	540
TSS, mg/L	60	80	32
NH4N, mg/L	-	9	9

BOD₅ concentration
BOD₅ outlet stream:
BOD₅ =
BOD₅ = 122.5
Mass loading of BOD₅
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 8.82
Outlet stream = 8.82
Outlet stream = 6.17


TSS concentration
TSS outlet stream =
TSS outlet stream = 32
Mass loading of TSS
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 5.76
Outlet stream = 5.76 x
Outlet stream = 2.3

7. 
   Treated Water Holding Tank No. 01
   

Treated Water Holding Tank No. 01

Assumptions:

1. 
   Inlet water is from outlet of Primary Clarifier tank.
   
2. 
   No parameters will be changing during this process.
   

Summary table for Treated Water Holding Tank No.01 process

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	7.1	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	-	122.5	122.5
COD, mg/L	-	540	540
TSS, mg/L	-	32	32
NH4N, mg/L	-	9	9

Aeration Tank

8. 
   Aeration Tank
   

Assumptions:

1. 
   Aeration tank inlet is from outlet of treated water holding tank no. 01.
   
2. 
   BOD removal efficiency is up to 60% (Sikumaran et al., 2015).
   
3. 
   COD removal efficiency is up to 58% (Sikumaran et al., 2015).
   
4. 
   TSS removal efficiency is up to 80% (Sikumaran et al., 2015).
   

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	7.1	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	45	122.5	67.38
COD, mg/L	42	540	313.2
TSS, mg/L	55	32	14.4
NH4N, mg/L	-	9	9

Summary of Aeration Tank process

BOD₅ concentration
BOD₅ outlet stream:
BOD₅ =
BOD₅ = 67.38
Mass loading of BOD₅
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 4.85
Outlet stream = 4.85
Outlet stream = 2.67


COD concentration
COD outlet stream:
COD =
COD = 313.2
Mass loading of COD
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 38.88
Outlet stream = 38.88
Outlet stream = 22.55

TSS concentration
TSS outlet stream =
TSS outlet stream =
Mass loading of TSS
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 5.76
Outlet stream = 5.76 x
Outlet stream = 2.59

9. 
   Secondary Clarifier
   

Secondary Clarifier

Assumptions:

1. 
   Secondary clarifier inlet is from outlet of aeration tank.
   
2. 
   BOD removal percent is up to 40% (Tchobanoglous et al., 2014).
   
3. 
   TSS removal percent is up to 50% (Tchobanoglous et al., 2014).
   

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	7.1	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	30	67.38	47.16
COD, mg/L	-	313.2	313.2
TSS, mg/L	40	14.4	8.64
NH4N, mg/L	-	9	9

Summary of Secondary Clarifier process

BOD₅ concentration
BOD₅ outlet stream:
BOD₅ =
BOD₅ = 47.16
Mass loading of BOD₅
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 3.43
Outlet stream = 3.43
Outlet stream = 2.3

TSS concentration
TSS outlet stream =
TSS outlet stream =
Mass loading of TSS
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream =1.04
Outlet stream = 1.04 x
Outlet stream = 0.622

10. 
    Treated Water Holding Tank No. 02
    

Treated Water Holding Tank No. 02

Assumptions:

3. 
   Inlet water is from outlet of Secondary Clarifier tank.
   
4. 
   No parameters will be changing during this process.
   

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	7.1	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	-	47.16	47.16
COD, mg/L	-	313.2	313.2
TSS, mg/L	-	8.64	8.64
NH4N, mg/L	-	9	9

Summary table for Treated Water Holding Tank No. 02 process

Sand Filter

11. 
    Sand Filter
    

Assumptions:

1. 
   Inlet water is from outlet of treated water holding tank no. 02.
   
2. 
   BOD, COD and TSS removal percent is up to 42%, 47% and 43% respectively (Saad et al., 2016).
   
3. 
   pH value increase to 7.2 (Saad et al., 2016).
   

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	7.1	7.2
BOD5, mg/L	35	47.16	30.65
COD, mg/L	38	313.2	194.18
TSS, mg/L	35	8.64	5.62
NH4N, mg/L	-	9	9

Summary of Sand Filter process

BOD₅ concentration
BOD₅ outlet stream:
BOD₅ =
BOD₅ = 30.65
Mass loading of BOD₅
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 3.4
Outlet stream = 3.4
Outlet stream = 2.21

COD concentration
COD outlet stream:
COD =
COD = 194.18
Mass loading of COD
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 22.55
Outlet stream = 22.55
Outlet stream = 11.73

TSS concentration
TSS outlet stream =
TSS outlet stream =
Mass loading of TSS
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 0.622
Outlet stream = 0.622 x
Outlet stream = 0.40

Activated Carbon Filter

12. 
    Activated Carbon Filter
    

Assumptions:

1. 
   Inlet water is from outlet of sand filter.
   
2. 
   BOD and COD removal percent is up to 94% and 93% (Hami et al., 2007).
   

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	7.2	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	80	30.65	6.13
COD, mg/L	80	194.18	38.84
TSS, mg/L	-	5.62	5.62
NH4N, mg/L	-	9	9

Summary of Activated Carbon process

BOD₅ concentration
BOD₅ outlet stream:
BOD₅ =
BOD₅ = 6.13
Mass loading of BOD₅
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream = 2.21
Outlet stream = 2.21
Outlet stream = 0.44

COD concentration
COD outlet stream:
COD =
COD = 38.84
Mass loading of COD
Inlet stream = 3
Inlet stream =13.98
Outlet stream = 13.98
Outlet stream = 2.8

Final Discharge Value
Summary table for Final Discharge

Parameter	Proposed removal percent (%)	Value
		Inlet	Outlet
pH	-	7.2	7.1
BOD5, mg/L	80	30.65	6.13
COD, mg/L	80	194.18	38.84
TSS, mg/L	-	5.62	5.62
NH4N, mg/L	-	9	9

Above is the full mass balance calculation of each operation units with upgraded of IETS. Inclusive of H₂O₂ with proper justification has shown in the flocculation tank process. Final discharge has been shown in above table to comply standard A.