Ta’lim sohasi: 110000 Pedagogika Ta’lim yo`nalishi

Lecture № 8. Derivation/Affixation
Outline:
1. Derived affixes
2. Prefixes
3. Infixes
4. Suffixes
Russian lexicologists approach the problem of derivation slightly differently. They term one of the word-formation processes as affixation, not derivation. The principle is the same, but the difference is in terms. We will use affixation and derivation interchangeably. Affixation is defined as “the formation of words by adding derivational affixes to different types of bases” (Ginzburg, Khidekel, Knyazeva, & Sankin, 1979, p. 114). Derivational affixes are divided into suffixes and prefixes. Prefixes are added to the beginning of bases, e.g., upload (up+load), and suffixes are added to the end of bases, e.g., employment (employ+ment). The formation of words with the help of prefixes is prefixation, while the process of formation of words with adding suffixes to the bases is suffixation.
Derivation, or affixation, creates a new word by changing the category or the meaning of the base to which it applies, e.g., teach (v)+ er (suffix) = teacher (n); beauty (n)+ful (suffix)=beautiful (adj). Derivation is a productive means of coining new words in English. There are more than sixty common derivational affixes, and there is no limit to their application.

Some English Derivational Affixes

Affix	Change	Semantic Effect	Examples
Suffixes
-able	V  A	able to be X’ed		readable