16 Chapter 4, Details and Organizational Patterns
3. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Pollution will eventually cause starvation and war.
B. There are two different views on how serious the world’s present and future
environment problems are.
C. Technology will help people in the future to be healthier.
4. The phrase that helps to indicate the pattern of the passage is
A. “will become.”
B. “what should become.”
C. “two schools of thought.”
Read the following excerpt on Mercury and answer the multiple-choice questions following the
passage
.
Mercury is the most neglected of the five planets visible with the naked eye.
It is a small world,
not much bigger than the moon, and it never strays far from the sun. Even at the best viewing
opportunities, it must be made out low in twilight skies and observed through the densest layers
of the Earth’s atmosphere. Small wonder that the ancients called it Stilbon, the Twinkling One.
When Mercury is well placed for observation, its tiny disk never appears more than a paltry 10
arcseconds in diameter. Galileo’s primitive telescopes failed
to reveal its phases, which were first
noted by Hevelius in 1644. For centuries, most observers have given Mercury only a cursory
glance then turned to far more rewarding targets like Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Only a handful of
observers managed to
make out even vague markings, leading many to share 19
th
century
astronomer Johann Schroter’s suspicion that the planet was shrouded in a dense, cloud-laden
atmosphere.
[Sheehan, William, Thomas Dobbins. “Mesmerized by Mercury.”
Sky and Telescope.
Cambridge: June 2000, p.109.]
5. The passage states that Mercury is
A. often studied.
B. not often studied.
C. studied only in twilight skies.
Chapter 4, Details and Organizational Patterns 17
6. The author uses what pattern of organization to make his point?
A. classification
B. time order
C.
description
7. Mercury is difficult to observe because of all the following reasons except
A. it is a rewarding target.
B. it is too small.
C. it is too far away.
8. By referring to Saturn as a more rewarding target than Mercury, it is implied that Saturn
A. has a denser atmosphere.
B. has markings easier to see.
C. receives more sunlight.
Read the following excerpt and answer the multiple-choice questions.
Pure (or perfect) competition is the complete form of competition. Pure competition is the market
situation in which there are many buyers and sellers of a product, and no single buyer or seller is
powerful enough to affect the price of that product. Note that this
definition includes several
important ideas. First, we are discussing the market for a single product—say, bushels of wheat.
(The definition also applies to markets for resources, but we’ll limit our discussion here to
products.) Second, all sellers offer essentially the same product for sale; a buyer would be just as
satisfied with seller A’s wheat as with that offered by seller B or seller Z. Third, all buyers and
sellers know everything there is to know about the market (including, in our example,
the prices
that all sellers are asking for their wheat). And fourth, the market is not affected by the actions of
any one buyer or seller.
[Pride, William M., Hughes, Robert, Kapor, Jack R.
Business.
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1988
,
p.16.]
18 Chapter 4, Details and Organizational Patterns
9. To define the term pure competition, the author uses
A. comparison.
B. chronology.
C. simple listing.
10. Pure competition is the situation in which there are
A. many buyers and sellers of a product but no one buyer or seller can affect price.
B. few buyers and sellers of a product but one seller can affect price.
C. set prices of products per buyer.
BONUS QUESTIONS
11. An example of pure competition is
A. ten farmers selling corn to the Green Giant Company for the same price.
B. Green Giant buying corn from farmers at different prices.
C. Green Giant buying from 7 out of 10 farmers.
12. Pure competition involves a single
A. price.
B. product.
C. seller.
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CHAPTER 5: Inference
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