SylbV01-00-00. pmd

VIII. Teaching Methods/ Activities
• Lectures
• Group discussions
• Flip classes
• Assignment and group seminars
• Hands on training of different techniques
• Exposure visits
IX. Learning outcome
After successful completion of this course,
• The students will be abreast with the recent advances in landscape gardening
• Acquire the skills to independently handle landscape projects

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Restructured and Revised Syllabi of Post-graduate Programmes
Vol. 1
418
X. Suggested Reading
Bose TK, Maiti RG, Dhua RS and Das P. 1999. 
Floriculture and Landscaping
. Naya Prokash,
Kolkata, India.
Nambisan KMP.1992. 
Design Elements of Landscape Gardening
. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co., New
Delhi, India.
Ozayuvuz M. 2013. 
Advances in Landscape Architecture
. In Tech Open Publ.
Woodrow MG. 1999. 
Gardening in India
. Biotech Books, New Delhi, India.

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Horticultural Sciences
– Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops
Restructured and Revised
Syllabi of Post-graduate Programmes
Vol. 1
419

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Preamble
(Plantation, Spices, Medicinal and Aromatic Crops)
Plantation Crops are high value commercial crops of greater economic importance and play
a vital role in our national economy. Crops like tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, arecanut, cocoa,
oil palm, cashew, etc. occupy less than two percent of the total cultivated area but have a
stake of 16% of the total export earnings of all commodities or 75% of total earnings from
the export of agricultural produce. Plantation industry provides direct as well as indirect
employment to many millions of people and also supports other by-product industries and
many rural industries. Therefore, the country has considered horticulture and plantation
sector as the growth engine of agricultural economy.
Spices are important group of horticultural crops providing livelihood to millions of
peoples in the country. They have tremendous importance in the way we live, as ingredients
in foods, alcoholic beverages, medicine, perfumery, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, coloring
and also as garden plants. Out of the total 109 spices listed by the International Organization
for Standards (ISO), 63 are grown in India. The trade in spices is one of the oldest and
currently the most important form of commerce. The tropical humid regions of India grows
major spices like black pepper, cardamom, ginger, turmeric, nutmeg, cinnamon, clove, etc.
and the arid and semi arid parts of India are known as the seed spice bowl.
The medicinal and aromatic plant sector plays a significant role in the subsistence
economy of the people. The domestic as well as export market of MAP is ever increasing.
The annual turn over of the major Indian systems of medicine ie, Ayurveda, Unani, and
Sidha is estimated to be more than half a million dollars. The MAP sector is also an integral