Superhydrophobicity in Cotton Fabrics: Mechanisms, Techniques, and Future Directions Abstract

5. Applications of Superhydrophobic Cotton Fabrics
Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics, with their high water repellency and self-cleaning ability, have a wide range of potential applications across various sectors, including clothing, textiles, and the medical field. The unique properties of these fabrics, which result from the combination of cotton's inherent characteristics and the applied superhydrophobic coatings or treatments, make them a versatile material for use in many contexts.
5.1 Clothing and Textiles
In the clothing and textiles industry, superhydrophobic cotton fabrics can be a game-changer. Cotton's inherent comfort, breathability, and biodegradability make it a popular choice for clothing. However, its hydrophilic nature can lead to undesirable outcomes such as liquid absorption and staining. By applying superhydrophobic treatments, these limitations can be overcome, leading to a range of new possibilities. For instance, outdoor clothing can benefit from the use of superhydrophobic cotton fabrics, as they can repel rain, snow, and other forms of liquid precipitation, keeping the wearer dry. In addition, these fabrics' self-cleaning property, inspired by the Lotus Effect, allows water droplets to pick up dirt particles and roll off the fabric, thereby reducing the need for frequent laundering.
Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics also find uses in the production of spill-resistant textiles. These materials can be used in making tablecloths, upholstery, carpets, and other furnishing materials that are exposed to the risk of spills and staining. The superhydrophobic nature of these fabrics ensures that any spilled liquid, be it water, coffee, wine, or other beverages, forms droplets that can be easily wiped off or roll off the fabric, leaving no trace behind. This property not only keeps the fabric clean and extends its life but also reduces the need for harsh cleaning chemicals, contributing to environmental sustainability.
5.2 Medical Applications
In the medical field, superhydrophobic cotton fabrics have shown potential for several applications. One promising application is in the development of medical bandages and wound dressings. For example, a research team designed a cotton fabric with asymmetric wettability, with one face being superhydrophilic and the other superhydrophobic. The superhydrophilic side, due to its high water absorption ability, can be used to absorb blood and promote clotting. In contrast, the superhydrophobic side repels water and blood, preventing their permeation and maintaining the natural breathability of the cotton. This combination of properties could potentially lead to more effective wound management solutions, reducing the risk of infection and promoting healing​ [20]​.