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Student: Asqarova Madina
Group: 241
Cross-cultural analysis of the concept “Scare” / «Qo'rquv»
Scare is a primary emotion, so we can say that the verbalization of its concept is widely represented at different levels of the languages of all societies and cultures. Traditionally it is considered to be a negative emotion because it arises when a brain identifies the situation as life-threatening and evokes unpleasant feelings. It is often quite difficult to control and can cause panic. However, scare does not always reflect reality, as often people are afraid of what is also a product of their imagination.
First of all, let’s reveal the notional component of the concept “Scare”. Merriam-Webster online dictionary offers the following meanings of the lexical unit “Scare”:
NOUN:
An unpleasant often strong emotion caused by anticipation or awareness of danger, which can be either an instance of this emotion, or a state marked by this emotion;
Solicitude, anxious concern;
Profound reverence and awe especially toward God;
Danger, reason for alarm;
VERB:
To be afraid of: expect with alarm or to be afraid or apprehensive
To have a reverential awe of
Archaic: to make afraid, terrify
Archaic: to feel fear in (oneself)
In Uzbek language the word «Qo'rquv», however cannot be a verb – it can only function as noun, and, according to Ozhegov’s dictionary means:
Juda yomon cho' chish, kuchli qo'rquv. Qo'rquvdan dag'-dag' qaltirardi.
Qo'rqinchli holat, vahimali vaziyat. Qo' rqinchli voqealarni gapirib berdi.
The word’s roots rise from Middle English scere and Old English sceer “calamity, sudden danger, peril, sudden attack”. The presence of the religious character of one of the definitions dates back to the Medieval times when devotion caused the appearance of the meaning “feeling of dread and reverence for God”. The concept in general denotes painful agitation in the presence or anticipation of danger. It includes an associative series transmitting different shades of this notion. “Scarer” «Qo'rquv» is the most general term that implies anxiety and usually loss of courage: scare of the unknown – notanishlar oldidagi qo'rquv “Dread” «Qo'rquv» usually adds the idea of intense reluctance to face or meet a person or situation and suggests aversion as well as anxiety: faced the meeting with dread – qo'rquv bilan yuzma yuz kelish “Fright” «Cho'chish» implies the shock of sudden, startling fear: fright at being awakened suddenly – tasodifiy uyg'otishdan qor'rqish. “Alarm” «Chaqoruv» suggests a sudden and intense awareness of immediate danger: view the situation with alarm – смотреть на ситуацию с тревогой. “Panic” «Паника» implies unreasoning and overmastering fear causing hysterical activity: the news caused widespread panic – seskanishga sabab bo' ladigan yangilik. “Terror” «Vahima» implies the most extreme degree of fear: immobilized with terror – qo' rquvdan qotib qolmoq “Trepidation” «Titroq» adds to “Dread” «Qo'rquv» the implications of timidity, trembling, and hesitation: raised the subject with trepidation – qo'rquvdan titramoq
Phraseological Unit is a word group with a fixed lexical composition and grammatical structure; its meaning, which is familiar to native speakers of the given language, is generally figurative and cannot be derived from the meanings of the phraseological unit’s component parts. The meanings of phraseological units
scare, induce scare, inspire scare, instill scare, provoke scare, strike scare, be filled with scare, be overcome by scare . Something bad you are afraid might happen: groundless scare, irrational scare, paranoid scare, unfounded scare, unjustified scare, legitimate scare, understandable scare, well-founded scare, biggest scare, deepest scare, greatest scare, worst scare, lay scare, alleviate scare, assuage scare, banish scare, calm scare, dispel scare, ease scare, overcome scare, quell scare, reduce scare, soothe scarr, express scarr, voice scarr, arouse scare, cause scare, prompt scare, provoke scare, raise scare, spark scare, heighten scare, increase scare, stoke scare / Emotional facet is dominant in the phraseological units as well. The feeling of scare: To be frightened that you might be killed: be in scare of your life / qo'rqinchli hayot– She sat inside, in scare of her life, until the police came – Poliytsiya kemagunicha u qorquv ichida otirar edi. To frighten someone a lot: put the fear of God into you – He got some guys from the club to put the fear of God in him – U bardan bir nechta yigitlarni olib chiqdi. Expectations caused by some stressful moments: Someone is worried that a particular thing might happen: for fear that/of something / qo'rquvdan – They wouldn’t let their cat outside for fear that it would get run over – Mushuk qochib ketiahidan qo'rqib ular uni ko' chaga chiqazishmaydi. To think something unpleasant might have happened: scare the worst / yomon qo' rqmoq – We hoped that they would be found safe and uninjured, but secretly we scared the worst – Umida qilamizki, ular qo'rquvni yengish uchun kuch toposhadi. Absence of possibility that a particular thing will happen: be no scare of something / hech narsadan qo'rqmaslik – Greta knows the city well, so there’s no fear of us getting lost – Geta shaxarni yaxshi biladi, shuning uchun yoqilib qolishdan qo' rmasak ham boladi. To be worried about someone or something: have scares for somebody/something / vahima qilish – The climbers are a day late returning from the mountain and we are beginning to have fears for their safety – Alpinistlar qaytish kunidan bir kun kechikdi, biz ulardan havotir olishni boshladik.
Scare is a protective reaction of the body that helps quickly and effectively respond to any dangerous situation. So, the physiological reaction of an organism is also reflected in language: quake with scare, quiver with scare, shake with scare, shiver with scare,, tremble with scare, be frozen with scare , be paralyzed by/with scare / qo' rquvdan qaltiramoq qo'rquvdan muzlab qolmoq.
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