Smart Thinking: Skills for Critical Understanding and Writing, 2nd Ed

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Document Outline

• Cover
• Copyright page
• Contents
• Preface to First Edition
• Preface to Second Edition
• How to Use this Book
• 1 Smart Thinking
  • What is smart thinking?
    • Reasoning
  • How do we study smart thinking?
    • Thinking about thinking
    • Thinkers with attitude
  • Why do we need to 'think smart'?
• 2 Claims: The Key Elements of Reasoning
  • Understanding language
    • A basic look at language
    • Statements that are claims
    • Claims as elements of reasoning
  • More about claims
    • Connections within claims
    • Claims that include claims
    • Scope and certainty
    • Descriptive and value claims
  • Claims and reasoning
    • Using claims as conclusions and premises
    • More on conclusions
    • More on premises
  • Review
• 3 Linking: The Key Process in Reasoning
  • Links between claims
    • Evidence of the linking process
    • The problem of understanding linkages
  • The analytical structure of reasoning
    • Representing the analytical structure
    • What the analytical structure format offers
  • Learning more about the analytical structure
    • The analytical structure behind narrative flow
    • Casting
    • Using the analytical structure for planning
    • Complex analytical structures
  • Review
• 4 Understanding the Links between Claims
  • Dependent premises
    • Using a group of premises
    • Using independent premises
    • The weakness of independent premises
  • Special functions of premises
    • Premises that provide a framework
    • Premises that provide a definition
  • The link from premises to conclusion
    • The importance of internal connections
    • Making a real connection
    • Covering scope and certainty
    • Thinking about values
  • Review
• 5 More Effective Reasoning I: Better Claims
  • Well-formed claims
    • Writing clear claims
    • Controlling the key properties of claims
  • Well-founded claims
    • The problem of 'true' claims
    • Claims whose truthfulness is not in question
    • Claims supported by authority
    • Claims supported by reasoning
  • Review
• 6 More Effective Reasoning II: Better Links
  • Effective use of dependent premises
    • Dependent premises providing one reason
    • Avoiding implied premises
  • Relevance
    • What is relevance?
    • Ensuring premises are relevant
    • The special role of framing premises
  • Strength of support
    • The burden of proof
    • Justifying all aspects of the conclusion
    • Breadth of premises
    • Coherence in scope and certainty
  • Review
• 7 What Kinds of Reasoning are There?
  • Deductive and inductive reasoning
    • A common error
    • Deduction
    • Induction
  • Categorical and propositional logic
  • Five types of reasoning
    • Causal reasoning
    • Reasoning from generalisation
    • Reasoning from specific cases
    • Reasoning from analogy
    • Reasoning from terms
  • Review
• 8 Research, Reasoning, and Analysis
  • Reasoning and analysis
    • Reasoning and knowledge
    • Reasoned analysis as questions
  • Information understood by where we find it
  • Information as it relates to other information
    • Relations of specific and general
    • Relations of similarity and difference
    • Relations of cause and effect
  • Information classified by the topic under investigation
  • Information as it relates to how we are using it
  • Direct and indirect sources
    • Direct sources
    • Indirect sources
    • Five possible outcomes
  • Review
• 9 Planning and Creating Your Reasoning
  • The key analytical questions
    • Context: analysing the external dimensions of reasoning
    • Text: the internal dimensions of reasoning
  • Using the analytical structure for planning
    • Different sorts of plans
    • The analytical structure format as a plan for writing
  • Review
• 10 Bringing It All Together: Narrative and Structure
  • Example text
    • The value of referencing
  • Casting and notes on each paragraph
  • Capturing the essence of the text
  • Overall narrative flow of the text
• Summary
• Answers, Discussion, and Further Advice
  • Chapter 1
    • Exercise 1.1
    • Exercise 1.2
  • Chapter 2
    • Exercise 2.1
    • Exercise 2.2
    • Exercise 2.3
    • Exercise 2.4
    • Exercise 2.5
    • Exercise 2.6
    • Exercise 2.7
    • Exercise 2.8
  • Chapter 3
    • Exercise 3.1
    • Exercise 3.2
    • Exercise 3.3
    • Exercise 3.4
    • Exercise 3.5
    • Exercise 3.6
  • Chapter 4
    • Exercise 4.1
    • Exercise 4.2
    • Exercise 4.3
    • Exercise 4.4
    • Exercise 4.5
  • Chapter 5
    • Exercise 5.1
    • Exercise 5.2
    • Exercise 5.3
    • Exercise 5.4
  • Chapter 6
    • Exercise 6.1
    • Exercise 6.2
    • Exercise 6.3
    • Exercise 6.4
    • Exercise 6.5
    • Exercise 6.6
    • Exercise 6.7
  • Chapter 7
    • Exercise 7.1
  • Chapter 8
    • Exercise 8.1
    • Exercise 8.2
    • Exercise 8.3
    • Exercise 8.4
  • Chapter 9
    • Exercise 9.1
    • Exercise 9.2
    • Exercise 9.3
• Glossary of Key Terms and Concepts
• Further Reading
  • Further reading on knowledge and philosophy
  • Further reading on reasoning
  • Further reading on writing and communicating
• Guide to Important Skills
  • General questions
  • Specific questions