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The stomatologic tip is a tool, directly reformative energy of a stream of compressed air, rotation of the micromotor or an electric current in corresponding movements of the working tool (a pine forest, эндодонтического a file, скайлера etc.). The first stomatologic tip has been created in 1919, in 1926 there was a first electric drill, and in 1959 - the air turbine.
In therapeutic stomatology turbine, angular and direct tips are applied to preparation of firm fabrics of teeth and processing of seals.
In a turbine tip (FG-frictionGrip) the pine forest is set in motion by means of compressed air which will move on the rotor of the turbine located in a head of a tip.
The basic advantage of turbine tips - high speed of rotation of the pine forest, the reaching 160-400 thousand in ob./minute These tips provide fast and effective preparation of firm fabrics, first of all tooth enamels. However low mechanical capacity of a turbine tip leads to that the increase in pressure a pine forest on a processed fabric causes delay of its rotation or even a stop ("jamming"). Besides, следуетпомнить that the raised lateral loadings arising at excessive pressure upon a pine forest in the course of preparation, lead to the accelerated deterioration роторной groups of a turbine tip. Reduction of pressure force by a pine forest reduces efficiency of cutting. Therefore at work with a turbine tip it is necessary to supervise force of pressing a pine forest constantly. Pressure force on a pine forest should be minimum, similar поглаживанию. At use of a sharp pine forest and a good condition of a tip of such force it is quite enough for effective preparation of firm fabrics of tooth. It is not necessary to exceed also pressure of air submitted on the turbine. It though raises speed of preparation, conducts to fast deterioration of a tip.
One more possible problem - infringement of a mode of cooling of fabrics of tooth in the course of preparation by a turbine tip. It can lead to damage пристеночных to enamel and дентина (thermal некроз), to a pulp burn, and also soft fabrics surrounding tooth. On our deep belief, preparation of firm fabrics of tooth without sufficient air-to-water cooling is inadmissible.
The turbine tip incorporates to a drill by means of the rubber hose having on the end a mouthpiece with apertures (socket). Kinds of sockets, the most widespread in our country, are presented in table 7. Besides, there are the special adapters, allowing to connect, for example, a tip «Midwest» to a socket «Borden» etc.
Kinds of pine forests (for a turbine, angular and direct tip)
Pine forests for turbine tips (FG) have diameter of a shaft of 1,60 mm. In a tip pine forests are fixed цанговым by the device or a special key.
Angular tips (RightAngle) are low-speed. Their main feature - variety of applied working tools and kinds of movements at preparation. The usual micromotor tip with transfer 1:1 provides speed of rotation of a pine forest from 1000 to 40 000 ob./minutes raising tips with transfer number 1:2-1:10 Are issued also, speed of rotation of a pine forest in them of 5000-230 000 ob./minutes Lowering tips usually have transfer number 4:1 and are applied basically at эндодонтических manipulations. Speed of rotation of a pine forest in a lowering tip - of 10-10 000ob./minutes
Angular tips also have system of air-to-water cooling of a prepared surface. The pine forest in a tip is fixed by a rotary latch. Pine forests for angular tips have diameter of a core of 2,35 mm, a fold and circular cutting for fastening in a tip (fig. 19). Some firms let out the angular tips intended for work by turbine pine forests (d=l, 60 mm).
Direct tips (HP-Handpiece) have about the same high-speed characteristics, as well as angular, however at the expense of design features they allow to render on a pine forest большее pressure without occurrence of vibration of the tool. They are used basically by surgeons-stomatologists, stomatologists-orthopedists and tooth technicians. Pine forests for a direct tip have diameter of a core of 2,35 mm, they are fixed in a tip with the help цангового a clip.
Rotating parts of tips wear out in due course. Deterioration signs are: occurrence of vibration and pine forest palpation at rotation, deterioration of fixing of a pine forest in
Tip, tip heating, occurrence of unusual sounds at work. This case repair or tip replacement would be required.
The great value in maintenance of long work of a tip has correct care of it. The tip should be cleared and disinfected after reception of each patient. Tip greasing is recommended to be spent not less than two times to change, on the average - after reception of 4-5 patients of a therapeutic profile and always before sterilisation. Greasing is carried out or liquid oil by means of a butterdish, or special aerosol greasing under pressure (spray). Spray use is considered more effective since allows not only to grease more carefully a tip, but also to remove pollution from its internal channels. After greasing tips should be stored a head downwards in special capacity. To leave the greased tip on installation does not follow, as it can lead to course of oil in the micromotor and to an exit of the last out of operation. Before the beginning of work surplus of oil from a tip surface leaves, and the tip "is blown": Joins out of an oral cavity of the patient for 15-20 seconds.
It is necessary to remember that some (basically domestic) turbine tips for service prolongation роторной groups demand oil giving together with приводным air. At work as such tip it is necessary to supervise constantly oil presence in the special tank in installation and its receipt in the compressor.
The majority of modern turbine tips, on the contrary, demand absence of oil in приводном air and applications безмасляных compressors.
The high-speed direct tip should be stored with the pine forest clamped by it. It extends service life цангового a clip.
At work with an angular tip it is necessary to show consideration for insertion in it of a pine forest as pine forest introduction on smaller depth leads to damage of a fixing latch and necessity of repair of a tip
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