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LESSON 15.
Grammar: Participle II.
Reading: Northern Ireland.
Speaking: The State Emblem of Uzbekistan.
Grammar.
Participle II biror narsaga tegishli bo’lgan ish-harakatning natijasini ifodalaydi va bu o’zbek tiliga majhul nisbatda (Passive voice) tarjima qilinadi. To’g’ri fe’lning negiziga –ed (agar fe’l o’zagi e harfi bilan tugasa –d) qo’shimchasini qo’shish orqali yasaladi: to translate – translated, to invite – invited
Noto’g’ri fe’llarda Participle II shakl to’g’ri fe’llardan farq qiladi.
Infinitive Past Indefinite Past Participle
To write Wrote Written
To come Came Come
To do Did Done
To have Had Had
To stand Stood Stood
To be Was/were Been
Ex.1.Use the Past Participle in the following sentences.
1. The book (read) by my friend is very interesting. 2. The dress (buy) at the new shop is really nice. 3. My friend like the books (give) by Odil.
Ex.3.Translate into English.
1. Hamid looked at his sister who was talking to his friend by the door. 2. He was a strange but wise old uncle who had been driven out of his country. 3. Nobody saw the thins kept in that box. 4. The books written by Dickens give us a realistic picture of the 19th century. 5. This is church built many years ago. 6. We stopped before a shut door.
Reading.
Northern Ireland.
Area – 5,461 sq.miles – 14,144 sq.km.
Population – 1,800,000 people (2007)
Capital – Belfast
Official language – English
Northern Ireland occupies North east section of the island of Ireland.
The area of Northern Ireland is relatively small but varied. It comprises six counties and its seaboard is 245 miles long (o’z ichiga oladi, grafliklar, uzunlikda). The capital of it is Belfast.
Though Northern Ireland is not rich in minerals there is a growing industrialization (sanoat o’syapti). It has long been an important manufactures of textile machinery and other engineering products. Therefore it is a well-known centre of textile and linen (zig’ir tola). Nowadays man-made fibre production is extensively developed (sun’iy tola mahsulotlari). Belfast is famous for its shipyard (kemalarga joy). It incorporates the world’s biggest shipbuilding berth (tashkil qiladi, joy).
Northern Ireland produces vehicle components, oilwell equipments, electric instruments, telephone, switch gear, toys, shoes, and synthetic rubber (o’chirish, yoqish asboblari, sun’iy rezina).
More than two-thirds of the population of Northern Ireland is concentrated in Belfast and in the neighbouring counties (grafliklar). The insular position greatly influences the climate of it (orolda bo’lishlik ta’sir qiladi). Rain in it is frequent and abundant (ko’p tez-tez yog’adi, yoqimli).
For its insular position there are not many plants and animals in Northern Ireland. At higher levels there are bogs (botqoqlik).
It tasks natural resources: it has no coal an iron varied.
However the richest agricultural soil is found there and mixed farming is the general practice.
Livestock products including dairy products are of particular importance (uy hayvonlari) oats are the main cereal crop and there is a big production of potatoes (don mahsulotlari). Many farmers grow flax and fruit. Flax is grown in suitable districts (zig’ir). The farmers send most of their agricultural products to Britain. The chief agricultural exports are cattle, poultry, eggs, bacon, milk products, potatoes and apples. The linen industry is of great importance and gives employment to many workers (ish bilan ta’minlaydi). Clothing and cotton goods are also extensively manufactured. Textiles, textile goods, clothing take a third of its exports. Local flax remains the basis of the industry. Workers of clothing factories are chiefly women. Therefore it chronically suffers from male unemployment (shu sababli doim erkaklar ishsizligi mavjud).
Belfast is famous for its huge output of ships. There is also a big Volume of repair work (ko’p ta’mirlash ishlari bor). The Belfast shipyard has also passenger liners and some aircraft carriers (samolyot laynerlari, transporti). Belfast is known for its rope making industry and possesses the largest rope-works in the world (arqon ishlab chiqarish sanoati bor), in the manufacture of food, drinks, tobacco and the flour, milling, furniture (un ishlab chiqarish, mebelsozlik). Salmon fishing can be carried on the some parts of Northern Ireland. Its smaller towns are Ballymena and Newry. Ballymena is noted as the market centre of dairy products (sutchilik). Newry was a flourishing port. It is famous for agricultural markets and manufacture of linen. The town Portadown is the centre of jam-making and fruit-canning (mevalarni konservalash).
Belfast stands at the Belfast Lough (ko’l, ko’rfaz). The port of Belfast is of great importance for the Northern Ireland. Its trade is dominantly with Gteat Britain
(savdo). It contains one million protestants and half a million catholics. The fields of employment, social need were there. The struggle for democratic rights was launched (boshlandi) in 1968 and it is still going on (davom etyapti).
How many countries are there?
What kind of industries are developed there?
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