Conflicts of Interest:
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Appendix
In the following, the expressions for the calculation of the carrier sheet density (in units of cm
´
2
)
and the quantum capacitance for the 3D (bulk) case [
42
], the 2D case, and the 1D case [
42
], which have
been used in Section
2.3
, are summarized.
3D case
n
3D
sh
“
t
c
8
ż
0
g
3D
pεq f pε ´ qϕ
c
q
dε
(A1)
g
3D
p εq “
ν m
eff
?
2m
eff
ε
π
2
}
3
(A2)
f p ε ´ q ϕ
c
q “
1
1 ` exp
ˆ
ε ´ q ϕ
c
k
B
T
˙
(A3)
C
3D
q
“
ν q
2
t
c
m
eff
?
2m
eff
4k
B
Tπ
2
}
3
8
ż
0
?
ε ¨
cosh
´
2
ˆ
ε ´ q ϕ
c
2k
B
T
˙
d ε
(A4)
2D case
n
2D
sh
“
ÿ
i
8
ż
0
g
i
2D
f pε, E
i
q
dε
(A5)
g
i
2D
“
ν
i
m
effi
π
}
2
(A6)
f pε, E
i
q “
1
1 ` exp
ˆ
ε ` E
i
´
q ϕ
c
k
B
T
˙
(A7)
C
2D
q
“
q
2
π
}
2
ÿ
i
ν
i
m
effi
1 ` exp
ˆ E
i
´
qϕ
c
k
B
T
˙
(A8)
1D case
n
1D
sh
“
1
w
ÿ
i
8
ż
0
g
i
1D
f p ε, E
i
q
d ε
(A9)
g
i
1D
p εq “
ν
i
π
}
c
2m
effi
ε
(A10)
C
1D
q
“
q
2
w
?
2hk
B
T
ÿ
i
ν
i
?
m
effi
8
ż
0
1
?
ε
cosh
´
2
ˆ
ε ` E
i
´
q ϕ
s
2k
B
T
˙
d ε
(A11)
where ϕ
c
is the channel potential given by ´(E
C
´
E
F
)/q, q is the elementary charge, ε is the kinetic
energy of the electrons, g is the density of states (g
i
is the density of states in the i
th
subband), t
c
is the
GNR thickness, ν is the valley degeneracy factor, m
eff
is the density of states effective mass, f is the
Fermi–Dirac distribution function, E
i
is the position of the i
th
subband with respect to the conduction
Electronics 2016, 5, 3
15 of 17
band edge, k
B
is the Boltzmann constant, and T is the temperature. Note that the expression for the
quantum capacitance for the 2D case, i.e., Equation (A8), does not contain an integral since for the
expression of the sheet density, i.e., Equation (A5), an analytical solution can be derived.
In the ATLAS simulations, the basic semiconductor equations, i.e., Poisson’s equation, the current
equations for electrons and holes (using Equation (4) with the parameters given below Table
1
), and the
continuity equations, are solved self-consistently.
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Document Outline - Introduction
- Simulation Framework and GNR Models
- Models for Bangap and Carrier Effective Mass
- Transport Model
- Modeling the Density of States and Quantum Capacitance of 1D Systems
- Simulated Transistor Structures, Simulation Results, and Discussion
- Simulated Transistor Structures
- Simulation Results for Single-Channel GNR MOSFETs
- Simulation Results for Multiple-Channel GNR MOSFETs with Interribbon Gates
- Conclusions
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