Shet tili pani boyinsha oqiw materiallari

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Just before Hubble’s Law was published in 1929, another far-reaching finding was made by the son of a Scottish shepherd. Before going on holiday, he left a dish with bacteria near the window of his laboratory. When he came back, he was just about to throw the dish away when he noticed something out of the ordinary. He double-checked and saw a blue mould in the dish around which the bacteria had been destroyed. This blue mould was in fact the natural from penicillin which Fleming realized was an effective way of killing bacteria. A few years later, penicillin was being mass-produced and helping to save the lives of millions. Despite the outcome of his discovery, Fleming remained modest and unassuming. “Nature makes penicillin”, he said, “I just found it.”

Text 4

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During the Second World War when penicillin was first being used, the US Navy were looking for ways of improving the accuracy of their artillery shells, but this involved incredibly complex calculations. The navy turned to Eckert, an engineer, and Mauchly, a physicist to produce a machine to do the job. Although they and their team did not finish the machine until after the war, in February 1946, it did not matter. They had produced the world’s first computer. Eniac (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) was huge, measuring 100 feet long by over 10 feet high and weighing over 30 tons. It contained 18,000 tubes and more than 6,000 switches.