Seminar №2 Word-formation in Modern English

English
Ukrainian
UN − United Nations ; USA − United States of America; NATO − North Atlantic Treaty Organization; UNICEF − United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund; UNESCO − United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization; OPEC − Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries; BBC − British Broadcasting Corporation; M.P. − Member of Parliament; VIP − very important person; SOS − save our souls; GI − government issue (американський солдат); POW − prisoner of war; AIDS − acquired immune deficiency syndrome; HIV − human immunodeficiency virus.	ООН − Організація Об'єднаних Націй; США Сполучені Штати Америки НАТО; ЮНІСЕФ; ЮНЕСКО; ОПЕК; ОБСЄ − Організація з безпеки та співробітництва в Європі; УНР − Українська народна республіка; СБУ − Служба безпеки України; УРП − Українська республіканська партія; СДПУ − соціал-демократична партія України; СНД − союз незалежних держав; ДПА − державна податкова адміністрація; ЧАЕС − Чорнобильська атомна електростанція; ЗМІ − засоби масової інформації.

Borrowed acronyms are not deciphered in both in English and Ukrainian though they may have dictionary entries:

G.P. (for General Purpose Vehicle) → jeep (UA. джип)
lightwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation → laser (UA. лазер, лазерний)
microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation → maser (UA. Мазер)
young urban professional + -ie – yuppy (UA. япі).


gulag 1. the system of forced-labor camps in the Soviet Union. 2. any prison or detention camp, esp. for political prisoners. [Rus. Гулаг, acronym from Главное управление исправительно-трудовьіх лагарей − Main Directorate of Corrective Labor Camps]
Elmer Durgin gave him a look which suggested that, should the ELFFS succeed in their goal of world domination, Bissonette would be aboard the first gulag-bound boxcar. (King)
Acronyms present a special interest because they exemplify the working of the lexical adaptive system. In meeting the needs of communication and fulfilling the laws of information theory requiring a maximum signal in the minimum time the lexical system undergoes modification in its basic structure: namely it forms new elements not by combining existing morphemes and proceeding from sound forms to their graphic representation but the other way round — coining new words from the initial letters of phrasal terms originating in texts.