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EFERENCES
: Arnone, “High Performance Machining,” Hanser, 1998. “ASM
Handbook,” Vol. 16: “Machining,” ASM International, 1989. Brown, “Advanced
Machining Technology Handbook,” McGraw-Hill, 1998. El-Hofy, “Advanced
Machining Processes,” McGraw-Hill, 2005. Erdel, “High-Speed Machining,”
Society of Manufacturing Engineers, 2003. Kalpakjian and Schmid,
“Manufacturing Engineering and Technology,” 5th ed., Prentice-Hall, 2006. Krar,
“Grinding Technology,” 2d ed., Delmar, 1995. “Machining Data Handbook,” 3d ed.,
2 vols., Machinability Data Center, 1980. “Metal Cutting Handbook,” 7th ed.,
Industrial Press, 1989. Meyers and Slattery, “Basic Machining Reference
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(ed.), “Cutting and Grinding Fluids: Selection and Application,” Society of
Manufacturing Engineers, 1992. Stephenson and Agapiou, “Metal Cutting:
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Butterworth Heinemann, 2000. Walsh, “Machining and Metalworking
Handbook,” McGraw-Hill, 1994. Webster et al., “Abrasive Processes,” Dekker,
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INTRODUCTION
Machining processes, which include cutting, grinding, and various non-
mechanical chipless processes, are desirable or even necessary for the
following basic reasons: (1) Closer dimensional tolerances, surface
roughness, or surface-finish characteristics may be required than are
available by casting, forming, powder metallurgy, and other shaping
processes; and (2) part geometries may be too complex or too expensive
to be manufactured by other processes. However, machining processes
inevitably waste material in the form of chips, production rates may be
low, and unless carried out properly, the processes can have detrimental
effects on the surface properties and performance of parts.
Traditional machining processes consist of turning, boring, drilling,
reaming, threading, milling, shaping, planing, and broaching, as well as
abrasive processes such as grinding, ultrasonic machining, lapping, and
honing. Advanced processes include electrical and chemical means of
material removal, as well as the use of abrasive jets, water jets, laser
beams, and electron beams. This section describes the principles of
these operations, the processing parameters involved, and the charac-
teristics of the machine tools employed.