Science and education scientific journal

Difficulties in interpreting culturally marked language units 
According to many novice translators, socio-political translation is a translation 
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that does not require special knowledge in comparison with scientific, technical, 
legal, economic and other types of translation, during which it is necessary to possess 
information of the translated field of activity, to know the peculiarities of 
terminology, text construction, etc. In socio-political translation, "background 
information plays an important role" [Vinogradov 2001: 18], and "the more extensive 
this information is, the more adequate the translation. The implementation of the 
socio-political translation involves taking into account and analyzing country-specific 
features" [Geiko 2015: 62]. Let's look at examples in which lexical units with 
linguistic and cultural specifics can cause problems in translation. Let's look at 
examples in which lexical units with linguistic and cultural specifics can cause 
problems in translation. For example: 1.What does Washington do in between 
pointless votes to end Obamacare? - Prezident Obama tomonidan ilgari surilgan 
sog’liqni saqlash siyosatiga qarshi befoyda ovoz berishlar davomida Vashington 
qanday yo’l tutyapti? 
2. «The White House keeps changing Obamacare» [Kliff, URL, 07.08.2013]- 
Oq Uy hamon “Obamakeyr”ni o’zgartish niyatida. 
3. “He has tried, so far unsuccessfully, to abolish Obamacare. “U 
“Obamakeyr”ni bekor qilish uchun ko’plab muvaffaqiyatsiz urunishlarni qildi”. 
In modern translated media, this neologism occurs without translation, in some 
cases translators use explanations (See Example 1). We believe that not all 
representatives of the Uzbek culture are aware of such foreign-language inclusions. 
For the correct translation of the word Obamacare, let's take it apart: Obama 
(surname of the former US president) + care (care, attention, care). The neologism is 
formed by analogy with the word Healthcare - healthcare, (-care) - a component of 
compound words with the meaning of care, supervision. Therefore, the meaning of 
this word is the health policy pursued by Barack Obama. 
4) «One administration official, who dealt with Kumar during the fiscal-cliff 
talks, called him an “evil genius” whom the White House never trusted totally but 
viewed as a principled opponent who knew the policy, had “a nose for the deal” and 
was always genuinely trying to defuse the bomb du jour» [Montgomery, URL, 
08.08.2013]. The appearance of the term fiscal cliff, denoting the situation associated 
with tax increases and spending cuts in the United States [Geiko (c) 2013: 60], is 
associated with the name of a political show called “Fiscal Cliff”, mainly known to 
the bearers of this culture. 
5) “It would be wise for them, rather than measuring their career success in how 
many consecutive years they have spent on the front benches, to take breaks to 
refresh themselves.” [Dominiczak, URL,25.08.2013]. 
In this sentence, when translating the word Front bench, problems may arise, 
since such a concept as a front bench (old o’rindiqda o’tiruvchi) is not used to refer to 
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ministers, former ministers in Uzbek culture. This realia refers to English culture, in 
which the phrase Front bench is used in the meaning: "ministerial bench; ministers, 
leaders of the opposition (hence front-bencher minister; former minister or leader of 
the opposition, "front bench"); back bench (orqa o’rindiq) - bench for ordinary 
members of parliament (hence back-bencher ordinary member of Parliament, "the 
back seat")" [ABBYY Lingvo 12]. 
6) «The Indiana governor is flying way under the radar at the moment, but he 
has the makings of a potential dark horse» [Cillizza, URL, 15.09.2013].-
The phrase "Dark horse" in American English is used in the meaning of "a little-
known political or public figure nominated for a major government post in conditions 
when mutual rivalry between the main contenders deprives them of the opportunity to 
take this post" [ABBYY Lingvo 12]. However, the Uzbek language does not use a 
combination in which there is the word "horse" in relation to an "unpopular" person 
or a political figure. On the contrary, in a negative sense, the phraseology "otning 
qashqasidek" is used in relation to a person whom many people know. 
8) «However he is very aware of his front-runner status and that is beginning to 
grate with certain parliamentary colleagues» [Dale, URL, 17.09.2013]. 
In this sentence, the word front-runner is used in the meaning of "leader", but in 
articles on political topics it means "the candidate who has the greatest chance (to 
take a post)" [ABBYY Lingvo 12], especially at the initial stage. 
The meaning of the phrase Super Tuesday - super Tuesday is known not only in 
US political circles, but also to all residents of America. The period in the year of the 
US presidential election when several states hold primary elections and choose 
candidates from each party. This day falls on the second Tuesday in March. In our 
opinion, it will be difficult for a Uzbek person who does not know this realia to guess 
which Tuesday we are talking about. 1) The eight biggest things to watch on the 
‘Super Tuesday’ of 2014. 
2) Tuesday February 5, the so-called Super Tuesday, had long been etched into 
American political diaries as the day that would settle the 2008 presidential 
nomination races in both main parties. 
The expression "catch-22" is "any paradoxical bureaucratic trick that puts a 
person in a hopeless position, closes him in a vicious circle, mutually exclusive 
conditions; " [ABBYY lingvo 12]. The phrase catch-22 is an absurd situation; a trap, 
a hopeless, losing situation. The expression appeared in English thanks to the novel 
by J. Heller [Heller, Joseph]. In the novel, the hero pretends to be a madman, in order 
to evade participation in the war, but the "military-bureaucratic machine" recognizes 
him as capable. “And this is only going to get worse. Russia, you see, is stuck in an 
economic catch-22. Its economy needs lower interest rates to push up growth, but its 
companies need higher interest rates to push up the ruble and make all the dollars 
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they borrowed not worth so much” [O’Brien, URL, 15.12.2014]. 
The phrase Oval Office (Oval Office) is the president's office in the White 
House. For example: However, the Kremlin is not waiting passively to see who the 
next occupant of the Oval Office will be, but working to establish facts on the 
ground.
In the following example, "He is our Dukakis," said Rollins" [Cillizza, URL, 
08.08.2013] - "Bu bizning Dukakis" - dedi Rollins. Makes it difficult to translate the 
word Dukakis, "the word Dukakis for a Uzbek person, even speaking English, can 
cause serious difficulties when decoding, the only thing you can guess is that this is a 
proper name. Dukakis, Michael Stanley (b. 1933) Dukakis, Michael Stanley is a 
politician, a member of the Democratic Party, who consistently opposed the death 
penalty" [Geiko 2013: 60]. After Dukakis' participation in the advertising campaign, 
political circles began to doubt his psychological health. The expression "Dukakis on 
a tank" has become a household word in English for an advertising campaign, the 
result of which turns out to be the exact opposite of what is desired. Another example 
is the proper name Guy Fawkes. Guy Fawkes mask, symbolizing the unwillingness to 
put up with the dishonesty of the ruling power, is often used by journalists when 
describing various events: 1. “Remember those stylized “Guy Fawkes” masks that the 
Occupy Wall Street demonstrators wore”
“But Moore has been caught off-guard in recent years, and particularly in 2011, 
by the inescapable presence of a certain mask being worn at protests around the 
world. A sallow, smirking likeness of Guy Fawkes” 
The names of political parties and organizations are often used in socio-political 
materials in an abbreviated form. When translating, such names are deciphered and 
explained to the foreign-speaking reader. For example: Despite its right-leaning 
editorial stance, Le Figaro predicts repercussions for the Republican Party “which 
may be felt for a long time and even cost the GOP the next presidential elections.” 
The abbreviation "GOP from Grand Old Party - "Grand Old Party" is the unofficial 
name of the Republican Party of the USA" [ABBYY Lingvo 12]. 
“We’ll never know whether that is true; we can be fairly sure, in this season of 
LBJ nostalgia, that other presidents would have given it more of a try” [Hiatt, URL, 
21.04.2014] 
The abbreviation LBJ stands for the 36th President of the United States Lyndon 
Baines Johnson. In socio-political articles of American publications, the abbreviation 
D (D) is used to designate representatives of the Democratic Party, for the 
Republican Party - R (R). The choice of the translation option is determined by the 
context of the entire article and the situation described, however, the translator 
independently decides to keep or omit abbreviations. The translator of socio-political 
texts should know the abbreviated names of the states of America. Let's consider 
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examples of phrases containing abbreviations V-E and V-J: V-E Day, after all,