Schneiderman Prelims Vol-I. qxd

EXOGENOUS AGENTS
Heavy metals
Arsenic
Gold
Lead
Mercury
Bismuth
INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS
AIDS 
Tyring p.371, 2002; lichenoid hyperpigmentation of AIDS
Chronic infection – malaria, kala-azar (black sickness,
leishmaniasis) 
J Inf Dis 173:758, 1996, schistosomiasis,
tuberculosis 
Rook p.1781, 1998, Sixth Edition
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis 
J Clin Endocrinol 16:1374,
1956
Erythrasma
Pediculosis 
Rook p.1784, 1998, Sixth Edition
INFILTRATIVE DISEASES
Amyloidosis – macular amyloid
Langerhans cell histiocytosis – bronze hyperpigmentation
Curr Prob Derm VI:1–24, 1994
HYPERPIGMENTATION, DIFFUSE
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INFLAMMATORY DISEASES
Eosinophilic fasciitis
METABOLIC DISEASES
Acromegaly – Addisonian pattern 
Rook p.1779,2704, 1998,
Sixth Edition
Addison’s disease – diffuse, accentuated in flexures, palmar
and plantar creases, nipples, genitalia, buccal mucosa,
conjunctiva, vagina 
Cutis 76:97–99, 2005; Rook p.1779,2706,
1998, Sixth Edition; universal melanosis
Adrenalectomy 
Ghatan p.6, 2002, Second Edition
Adrenoleukodystrophy (Siemerling–Creutzfeld disease)
Am J Hum Genet 27:547–553, 1975
Asthma melanodermica – prior to attack, diffuse darkening of
skin and increase in size and number of nevi 
AD 78:210–213,
1958
Cachectic states
Central nervous system disease of diencephalon, substantia
nigra – Addisonian pigmentation 
Rook p.1781, 1998, Sixth
Edition; after emotional stress Psychosom Med 19:89–98, 1957
Congenital dyschromia with erythrocyte, platelet, and
tryptophan metabolism abnormalities 
JAAD 19:642–655, 1988
vs. Asymmetric mosaics
Congenital leukoderma
Dyschromatosis universalis
Familial progressive hyperpigmentation 
AD 103:581–598, 
1971
Lentiginosis
Cushing’s disease – Addisonian pattern 
Rook p.1779,2705,
1998, Sixth Edition; Ped Derm 15:253–258, 1998
Familial adrenocorticotropin unresponsiveness syndrome
(familial glucocorticoid deficiency) 
J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab
14:1113–1118, 2001
Folate deficiency 
AD 112:562, 1976
Gaucher’s disease – glucocerebroside; yellow–brown
pigmentation diffuse hyperpigmentation, easy tanning,
pigmented macules 
BJD 111:331–334, 1984
Graves’ disease – Addisonian hyperpigmentation; palms and
soles, gingiva, buccal mucosa 
JAAD 48:641–659, 2003
Hemochromatosis – idiopathic (autosomal recessive) or
secondary to chronic iron intoxication (Bantu
hemachromatosis), chronic liver disease and iron overload,
hepatic hemosiderosis in anemia with ineffective erythropoiesis,
congenital transferrin deficiency – gray–brown
hyperpigmentation especially of face, flexures, and exposed