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INFECTIONS AND INFESTATIONS
Anthrax (
Bacillus anthracis) (malignant pustule) – face, neck,
hands, arms; starts as papule then evolves into bulla on red
base; then hemorrhagic crust with edema and erythema with
small vesicles; edema of surrounding skin
Am J Dermatopathol
19:79–82, 1997; J Clin Inf Dis 19:1009–1014, 1994; Br J
Opthalmol 76:753–754, 1992; J Trop Med Hyg 89:43–45, 1986;
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 38:355–361, 1981
Arthropod bite – hypersensitivity to mosquito bites with intense
erythema and edema
AD 139:1601–1607
Bee and wasp stings
NEJM 133:523–527, 1994
Brucellosis
Cutis 63:25–27, 1999; AD 117:40–42, 1981;
Brucella epididymoorchitis – scrotal swelling, pain, fever,
diaphoresis
Clin Inf Dis 33:2017–2027, 2001
Calymmatobacterium granulomatis (donovanosis) J Clin Inf
Dis 25:24–32, 1997
Cat scratch disease
Ghatan p.252, 2002, Second Edition
Caterpillar dermatitis –
Megalopyge caterpillars – burning pain,
spreading erythema, edema, lymphangitis
JAMA
175:1155–1158, 1961
Cellulitis – acute or recurrent with subtle edema of toes and
forefoot
Rook p.2294, 1998, Sixth Edition
Centipede bites – erythema and edema
Cutis 37:241, 1986;
centipede contact dermatitis
Dirofilaria Cutis 72:269–272, 2003
Dracunculosis –
Dracunculus medinensis – initially fever,
pruritus, urticaria, painful edema
Int J Zoonoses 12:147–149,
1985
Eikenella corrodens – cellulitis Clin Infect Dis 33:54–61, 2001
Erysipelas – primary or recurrent; post-infectious lymphedema
Rook p.1115, 1998, Sixth Edition; including scalp edema; penile
erysipelas – edematous penis and/or scrotum with or without
necrosis; may result in chronic lymphedema
Genital Skin
Disorders, Fischer and Margesson, Mosby, 1998, p.20–23;
Rook p.2290, 1998, Sixth Edition;
Entophthomucormycosis including basidiobolomycosis and
conidiobolomycosis
Filariasis – secondary lymphedema;
Wuchereria bancrofti,
Brugia malayi, Brugia timori; mosquito vector – first sign is
edema, pain, and erythema of arms, legs, or scrotum or vulva;
chronically lower leg edema, or edema of breast, arms, genitalia
with elephantiasis develop
Dermatol Clin 7:313–321, 1989;
Lymphology 18:148–168, 1985
Fish stings – venomous fish; lesser weever fish, spiny dogfish,
stingray, scorpion fish, catfish, rabbit fish, stone fish, stargazers,
toadfish – erythema, edema mimicking cellulitis
Rook p.1479,
1998, Sixth Edition
Gnathostomiasis – migratory subcutaneous swellings; painful
and red; upper body and periorbitally
Clin Inf Dis 16:33–50, 1993
Granuloma inguinale (donovanosis) – vulvar lymphedema
Genitourin Med 63:54–56, 1987
Herpes simplex
Herpes zoster
Human herpesvirus 8 – relapsing inflammatory syndrome; fever,
lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, edema, arthrosynovitis,
exanthema of hands, wrists, and elbows
NEJM 353:156–163,
2005
Lassa fever (Old World Arenavirus) – edema due to capillary
leak syndrome
Leprosy
Loiasis – Calabar swellings; temporary of arm and hand, and
elsewhere; angioedema
Rook p.1387–1388, 1998, Sixth Edition
Lymphangitis, infectious (post-cellulitis, erysipelas)
Rook
p.2283, 1998, Sixth Edition
Lymphogranuloma venereum – genital lymphedema leading to
vulvar elephantiasis or ‘saxaphone penis’; inguinal adenitis with
abscess formation and draining chronic sinus tracts; rectal
syndrome in women with pelvic adenopathy, periproctitis with
rectal stricture and fistulae; esthiomene – scarring and fistulae
of the buttocks and thighs with elephantiasic lymphedema of the
vulva; lymphatics may develop abscesses which drain and form
ulcers
Int J Dermatol 15:26–33, 1976
Malignant otitis externa – edema of soft tissues around ear
Am
J Med 71:603–614, 1981
Mycobacterium tuberculosis – lupus vulgaris; starts as
red–brown plaque, enlarges with serpiginous margin or as
discoid plaques; apple-jelly nodules; myxomatous form with
large tumors of the earlobes; lymphedema prominent; head,
neck, around nose, extremities, trunk
Int J Dermatol
26:578–581, 1987; Acta Tuberc Scand 39 (Suppl 49):1–137,
1960; inguinal lymphadenopathy with genitocrural lymphedema
Rook p.3167, 1998, Sixth Edition
Necrotizing fasciitis
AD 138:893–898, 2002; JAAD 20:774–781,
1989; appearance in lymphedematous extremity Int J Derm
29:41–44, 1990
Onchocerciasis – localized edema – swelling of one arm
West
Afr Med J 11:83–84, 1962; Mazzotti reaction – swelling during
therapy
Rook p.1384, 1998, Sixth Edition
Osteomyelitis of the skull – Pott’s puffy tumor – scalp edema
AD
121:548–549, 1985
Parvovirus B19, congenital – pallor, maceration, and
subcutaneous edema
Textbook of Neonatal Dermatology,
p.214, 2001
Pediculosis – head lice with elephantiasis of the ear
Acta DV
(
Stockh) 63:363–365, 1983
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