Schneiderman Prelims Vol-I. qxd

ALCOHOL-PROVOKED FLUSHING REACTIONS
Pharmacol Biochem Behav 10:303–311, 1979
Carcinoid syndrome
Chlorpropamide 
Clin Sci 67:375–381, 1984
Climacteric
Diabetics taking chlorpropamide 
BMJ 281:620–621, 1980
Disulfiram 
Rook p.2100, 1998, Sixth Edition
Ethanol-induced flushing is increased in Asians and North
American Native Americans 
Science 175:449–450, 1972;
tyramine in red wines
Metronidazole 
Rook p.2100, 1998, Sixth Edition
Pimecrolimus – flushing after alcohol ingestion
AD 140:1014–1015, 2004
Rosacea
Tacrolimus – facial flushing after alcohol ingestion
NEJM 351:2740, 2004; AD 140:1542–1544, 2004;
AD 140:1014–1015, 2004; JAAD 38:69–76, 1998
ENDOGENOUS CIRCULATING AGENTS
Autoimmunity to estrogen or progesterone
Basophilic granulocytic leukemia
Bronchogenic carcinoma
Dengue hemorrhagic fever 
JAAD 49:979–1000, 2003
Diabetes mellitus
Dumping syndrome
Graves’ disease 
JAAD 48:641–659, 2003
Hantavirus hemorrhagic fever – Sin nombre virus, Black Creek
Canal virus, Bayou virus, New York virus, Hantaan virus, Seoul
virus, Puumala virus, Dobrava virus, Khabarovsk virus –
petechial axillary rash, facial flushing, generalized purpura
JAAD 49:979–1000, 2003; Tyring p.425, 2002
Homocystinuria – malar flush
Horseshoe kidneys – flushing, nausea, pain (Rovsing syndrome) 
Insulinoma 
Mayo Clin Proc 42:547–550, 1967
Male climacteric flushing
Mastocytosis – solitary mastocytoma with generalized flushing
Ped Derm 21:262–264, 2004; Hematol Oncol Clin North Am
14:537–555, 2000; Dermatology 197:101–108, 1998; JID
96:32S-38S, 1991; diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis; resembles
foregut carcinoid flush 
Ann Intern Med 59:194–206, 1963;
systemic mastocytosis 
Leuk Res 25:519–528, 2001; urticaria
pigmentosa, mast cell leukemia
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid – secreting calcitonin 
Lancet
ii:63–66, 1968
MEN II syndrome
Neuroblastoma
Pheochromocytoma – flushing follows attack of hypertension,
pallor, tachycardia, palpitations, and sweating.
Renal cell carcinoma 
Bolognia p.1657, 2003
Urticaria
Verner–Morrison syndrome (watery diarrhea syndrome) –
pancreatic cholera
VIPomas
OTHER CAUSES
Acne rosacea 
Rook p.2104–2110, 1998, Sixth Edition; AD
134:679–683, 1998
Anxiety reactions
Arsenic poisoning – acute 
BJD 149:757–762, 2003
Betel nut chewing – autonomic and psychoneurologic effects;
flushing, tachycardia, warmth, euphoria, alertness, hypotension,
hyperhidrosis, myocardial infarction 
Clin Toxicol 39:355–360,
2001
Cholinergic urticaria
Cold urticaria – immediate cold-contact urticaria 
JAAD
13:636–644, 1985
Congo Crimean hemorrhagic fever (Bunyavirus) – sunburn flush
Constrictive pericarditis 
NEJM 333:45–48, 1995
Cyclosporine 
BJD 142:832–833,2000
Emboli – from cardiac myxomas; red–violet malar flush
BJD 147:379–382, 2002
Epidural steroid injection 
Anesth Analg 80:617–619, 1995
Ganglioneuroma
Haber’s syndrome – prominent flush of face
Hodgkin’s disease
HIV-associated flush of childhood 
JAAD 18:1089–1102, 1988
Hypotension – idiopathic orthostatic hypotension
Industrial agents – trichlorethylene, n-dimethylformamide, n-
butyl aldoxime, isocyanate from polyurethane