Schneiderman Prelims Vol-I. qxd

FINGERTIP NECROSIS
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Schneiderman page 200-300.qxd 5/16/2006 6:49 PM Page 225

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PARANEOPLASTIC DISORDERS
Paraneoplastic acral vascular syndrome – acral cyanosis and
gangrene 
JAAD 47:47–52, 2002; AD 138:1296–1298, 2002;
Br Med J iii:208–212, 1967
SYNDROMES
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
– petechiae, purpura,
ecchymoses, splinter hemorrhages 
Semin Arthritis Rheum
31:127–132, 2001; JAAD 36:149–168, 1997; JAAD 36:970–982,
1997; BJD 120:419–429, 1989
Behçet’s disease with vasculitis 
JAAD 21:576–579, 1989
Carpal tunnel syndrome 
JAAD 29:287–290, 1993
Compartment syndrome – crush injury of thorax 
AD
138:1296–1298, 2002
Hypereosinophilic syndrome – arterial occlusion 
BJD
144:1087–1090, 2001; BJD 143:641–644, 2000
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum – acral finger/toe-tip arteritis
BJD 152:166–169, 2005
Thoracic outlet obstruction 
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
TOXINS
Alcoholic motor and sensory neuropathy
TRAUMA
Blunt trauma – repetitive blunt trauma 
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
Carpal tunnel syndrome 
AD 120:517–519, 1984
Chilblains – with necrosis on fingers, toes, nose, and ears in
patients with monocytic leukemia 
AD 121:1048,1052, 1985
Crush injury 
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
Crutch pressure arteritis
Electric shock 
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
Frostbite
Hypothenar hammer syndrome 
JAAD 34:880–883, 1996
Radial or ulnar artery cannulation 
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002;
N Y State J Med 90:375–376, 1990
Vibration syndrome 
Arch Derm 121:1544–1547,1985
VASCULAR
Arterial fibromuscular dysplasia 
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
Arteriosclerosis – peripheral vascular disease 
AD
138:1296–1298, 2002; Rook p.2231, 1998, Sixth Edition
Arteriovenous fistulae – vascular steal syndrome in
hemodialysis patients with arteriovenous fistulae 
AD
138:1296–1298, 2002; Rook p.2731, 1998, Sixth Edition
Atrial fibrillation with emboli
Cardiogenic shock
Churg–Strauss disease 
BJD 150:598–600, 2004
DIC, purpura fulminans, symmetric peripheral gangrene
Emboli – septic, cholesterol, fat, tumor, paradoxical, mural
thrombus, atrial myxoma 
Caputo p.197, 2000
Erythromelalgia – associated with thrombocythemia – may affect
one finger or toe; ischemic necrosis 
JAAD 22:107–111, 1990
Peripheral digital ischemia – thrombotic microangiopathy
(thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, hemolytic uremic
syndrome) 
J Invest Med 50:201–206, 2002
Polyarteritis nodosa (systemic or cutaneous PAN) – digital
infarction 
JAAD 48:311–340, 2003; Ann Rheum Dis
54:134–136, 1995; Cutis 46:53–55, 1990
Radial artery removal for coronary bypass grafting
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
Raynaud’s phenomenon/disease 
J Rheumatol 19:1286–1288,
1992
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger’s disease) 
Rook p.2233,
1998, Sixth Edition; Am J Med Sci 136:567–580, 1908
Thromboembolic phenomena – cardiac source, arterial source,
aneurysm (subclavian or axillary arteries), infection,
hypercoagulable state 
AD 138:1296–1298, 2002
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Ulnar artery occlusion
Vascular trap syndrome – acral finger/toe-tip necrosis 
BJD
152:166–169, 2005
Vasculitis – multiple types; acral finger/toe-tip necrosis 
BJD
152:166–169, 2005
Vasospasm from arterial puncture
Venous gangrene
Venous limb gangrene – during warfarin treatment of cancer-
associated deep venous thrombosis; necrosis of of toes and
foot; due to severe depletion of protein C and failure to reduce
thrombin generation 
Ann Intern Med 135:589–593, 2001
Wegener’s granulomatosis 
AD 130:861–867, 1994